Table 3.
Frequencies of CVD Events in Each CFE Adversity Group: CARDIA, 1985–2018
| Outcome, No (%) | Study Population (n=3646) | CFE Adversity Group | P for Trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Range: 0–1 (n=1781) | Moderate Range: 2–3 (n=1043) | High Range: 4–7 (n=822) | |||
| All‐cause mortality | 201 (5.5) | 72 (4.0) | 71 (6.8) | 58 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| All CVD eventsa | 198 (5.4) | 80 (4.5) | 63 (6.0) | 55 (6.7) | 0.01 |
| Coronary artery disease | 93 (2.6) | 34 (1.9) | 28 (2.7) | 31 (3.8) | <0.01 |
| MI | 80 (2.2) | 31 (1.7) | 24 (2.3) | 25 (3.0) | 0.03 |
| Non‐MI acute coronary syndrome | 13 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) | 6 (0.7) | 0.03 |
| Stroke | 72 (2.0) | 27 (1.5) | 28 (2.7) | 17 (2.1) | 0.19 |
| Heart failure | 60 (1.7) | 31 (1.7) | 17 (1.6) | 12 (1.5) | 0.60 |
| Carotid artery disease | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0.36 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 7 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.94 |
CFE indicates Childhood Family Environment; CVD, cardiovascular disease; and MI, myocardial infarction.
a
Participants with more than 1 CVD event were included in all categories for which CVD events occurred.