Table 1.
Characteristics | Total (N=237) | Preeclampsia at Inclusion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No (n=52) | Yes (n=185) | P Value | ||
Maternal age, y | 33.7±5.8 | 32.0±6.1 | 31.6±5.8 | 0.49 |
Height, cm | 161.1±9.1 | 162.2±7.3 | 159.7±8.5 | 0.09 |
Prepregnancy weight, kg | 69.1±15.2 | 71.0±17.0 | 68.9±14.8 | 0.59 |
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7±6.4 | 26.5±6.0 | 26.6±6.0 | 0.96 |
Smoking status | ||||
Current | 7 (3.0) | 1 (1.9) | 6 (3.3) | 0.16 |
Cigarettes/d, median (range) | 9 (3–20) | 8 (3–24) | 10 (4–20) | |
Race or ethnic groupb | ||||
White | 169 (71.3) | 42 (80.8) | 127 (68.7) | |
Hispanic | 35 (14.8) | 7 (13.5) | 28 (15.1) | |
Asian | 5 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.7) | 0.60 |
Black | 11 (4.6) | 1 (1.9) | 10 (5.4) | |
Arab | 14 (5.9) | 2 (3.8) | 12 (6.5) | |
Other | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) | |
Risk factors for PD | ||||
High | ||||
Previous preeclampsia | 25 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 25 (13.5) | 0.01 |
Chronic hypertension | 30 (12.7) | 4 (7.7) | 26 (14.1) | 0.22 |
Prepregnancy diabetes mellitus | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.54) | 0.60 |
Chronic kidney disease | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.2) | 0.49 |
Thrombophilia | 5 (2.1) | 1 (1.9) | 4 (2.2) | 0.92 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) | 0.11 |
Moderate | ||||
Nulliparity | 159 (67.1) | 34 (65.4) | 125 (67.6) | 0.77 |
Age ≥40 y | 13 (16.7) | 3 (5.8) | 10 (5.4) | 0.92 |
Prepregnancy BMI ≥35 | 23 (10.0) | 5 (9.6) | 18 (9.7) | 0.98 |
Family history of preeclampsiaa | 7 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 7 (3.8) | 0.35 |
≥1 High‐risk or 2 moderate‐risk factors | 74 (31.2) | 11 (21.2) | 64 (34.6) | 0.07 |
Mode of conception | ||||
Spontaneous | 215 (90.7) | 46 (88.5) | 165 (89.2) | |
In vitro fertilization | 16 (6.8) | 6 (11.5) | 10 (5.4) | 0.06 |
Oocyte donation | 6 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.2) | |
Low‐dose aspirin intake (100 mg/d) | ||||
No | 204 (86.4) | 45 (86.5) | 158 (85.4) | 0.68 |
Starting at or before 16 wk | 29 (12.3) | 7 (13.5) | 22 (11.9) | |
Starting after 16 wk | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) | |
Low‐dose heparin prophylaxis | ||||
No | 210 (88.6) | 47 (90.4) | 163 (88.1) | |
Starting at or before 16 wk | 6 (2.5) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (2.7) | 0.89 |
Starting after 16 wk | 21 (8.9) | 4 (7.7) | 17 (9.2) |
Data are mean±SD or n (%), unless otherwise stated. BMI indicates body mass index; PD, placental dysfunction; PlGF, placental growth factor; and sFlt‐1, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1.
First‐degree relative (mother or sister) with a history of preeclampsia.
Evaluated after Bonferroni adjustment.