Table 2.
Characteristics of the General Cohort and Subgroups (Aortic Valve Procedure and Medical Management) of Patients With MAVD at Baseline
| Characteristics | Entire Cohort (N=862) | Medical Management (N=357) | AVR (N=505) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, y | 68±15 | 73±14 | 65±15 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 490 (56.8) | 161 (45.1) | 329 (65.1) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 709 (82.3) | 282 (79.0) | 427 (84.6) | 0.035 |
| Black | 45 (5.2) | 26 (7.3) | 19 (3.8) | 0.022 |
| Asian | 11 (1.3) | 2 (0.6) | 9 (1.8) | 0.115 |
| Hispanic | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 0.374 |
| Other/declined | 94 (10.9) | 45 (12.6) | 49 (9.7) | 0.178 |
| Height, cm | 169±14 | 165±15 | 170±13 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 79±22 | 75±23 | 82±21 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 575 (66.7) | 259 (72.5) | 316 (62.6) | 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 516 (59.9) | 201 (56.3) | 315 (62.4) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 154 (18.2) | 64 (17.9) | 90 (17.8) | 0.938 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 175 (20.3) | 86 (24.1) | 89 (17.6) | 0.018 |
| Obstructive coronary artery disease | 306 (35.5) | 122 (34.2) | 184 (36.4) | 0.533 |
| Congestive heart failure | 136 (15.8) | 73 (20.4) | 63 (12.5) | 0.001 |
| Smoker | 209 (24.2) | 75 (21.0) | 134 (26.5) | 0.069 |
| Stroke | 74 (8.6) | 39 (10.9) | 35 (6.9) | 0.037 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 122 (14.2) | 50 (14.0) | 72 (14.3) | 0.943 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 97 (11.3) | 54 (15.1) | 43 (8.5) | 0.002 |
| Connective tissue disorder | 14 (1.6) | 9 (2.5) | 5 (1.0) | 0.078 |
| Aortic dissection | 7 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | 0.932 |
| Radiation heart disease | 54 (6.3) | 20 (5.6) | 34 (6.7) | 0.513 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 185 (21.5) | 85 (23.8) | 100 (19.8) | 0.146 |
| Society of Thoracic Surgeons % score | 2.7±2.9 | 3.6±3.6 | 2.0±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Symptom status, n (%) | ||||
| NYHA class 1 to 2 | 727 (84.3) | 298 (83.5) | 427 (84.6) | 0.808 |
| NYHA class 3 to 4 | 135 (15.7) | 57 (16.0) | 78 (15.4) | 0.808 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Aspirin | 481 (55.8) | 197 (55.2) | 284 (56.2) | 0.829 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 378 (43.9) | 155 (43.4) | 223 (44.2) | 0.885 |
| Beta‐blockers | 444 (51.5) | 181 (50.7) | 263 (52.1) | 0.752 |
| Hydralazine | 16 (1.9) | 8 (2.2) | 8 (1.6) | 0.474 |
| Statin | 476 (55.2) | 178 (49.9) | 298 (59.0) | 0.01 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 145 (16.8) | 71 (19.9) | 74 (14.7) | 0.039 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 12 (1.4) | 7 (2.0) | 5 (1.0) | 0.227 |
| Serum hemoglobin, mg/dL | 13.1±1.9 | 12.4±1.9 | 15.5±1.7 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2±1.0 | 1.3±1.2 | 1.1±0.9 | 0.014 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 95±51 | 94±36 | 96±58 | 0.597 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 53±17 | 55±18 | 52±17 | 0.06 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 124±82 | 117±71 | 128±87 | 0.085 |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AVR, aortic valve replacement; MAVD, mixed aortic valve disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association.