Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort
| Characteristic | All Patients (n=226) | No Complications (n=168) | Early Complications (n=58) | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||
| Men | 138 | (61) | 99 | (59) | 39 | (67) | 0.263 |
| Women | 88 | (39) | 69 | (41) | 19 | (33) | |
| Anatomical feature | |||||||
| HLHS | 126 | (56) | 98 | (58) | 28 | (48) | 0.184 |
| Other | 100 | (44) | 70 | (42) | 30 | (52) | |
| Systemic ventricle | |||||||
| RV | 160 | (71) | 113 | (67) | 47 | (81) | 0.047b |
| LV | 66 | (29) | 55 | (33) | 11 | (19) | |
| Systemic venous anomaly | |||||||
| No | 186 | (82) | 137 | (82) | 49 | (84) | 0.614 |
| Yes | 40 | (18) | 31 | (18) | 9 | (16) | |
| Pulmonary venous anomaly | |||||||
| No | 214 | (95) | 160 | (95) | 54 | (93) | 0.51 |
| Yes | 12 | (5) | 8 | (5) | 4 | (7) | |
| Heterotaxy | |||||||
| No | 209 | (92) | 156 | (93) | 53 | (91) | 0.774 |
| Yes | 17 | (8) | 12 | (7) | 5 | (9) | |
| Stage 3 | |||||||
| ECFF | 184 | (81) | 133 | (79) | 51 | (88) | 0.491 |
| Othera | 42 | (18) | 35 | (21) | 7 | (12) | |
| Genetic anomaly | |||||||
| No | 197 | (87) | 149 | (89) | 48 | (83) | 0.244 |
| Yes | 29 | (13) | 19 | (11) | 10 | (17) | |
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPB time, min | 66.5 | (60–77) | 64 | (59–76) | 69.5 | (61–82) | 0.025b |
| XC, min | 26 | (22–33) | 25 | (21–31) | 29 | (23–37) | 0.002b |
| % AVVR by MRIc | 6 | (1–10) | 5 | (1–9) | 8 | (1–19) | 0.091 |
| % SPC by MRId | |||||||
| <35% | 143 | (73) | 101 | (74) | 42 | (72) | 0.394 |
| 35%–50% | 42 | (21) | 28 | (21) | 14 | (24) | |
| >50% | 9 | (5) | 7 | (5) | 2 | (3) | |
| T2 imaging | |||||||
| Obtained | 122 | (54) | 86 | (51) | 36 | (62) | 0.152 |
| Not obtained | 104 | (46) | 82 | (49) | 22 | (38) | |
Data presented as number (percentage) or median (interquartile range), with P value. AVVR indicates atrioventricular valve regurgitation; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ECFF, extracardiac fenestrated Fontan; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; LV, left ventricle; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RV, right ventricle; SPC, systemic‐pulmonary arterial collateral; and XC, cross‐clamp time.
Significant P value.
Includes lateral tunnel fenestrated Fontans and all nonfenestrated Fontans.
AVVR quantification by MRI was only available for 173 patients (118 had no complications, 55 had early complications).
SPC quantification by MRI was only available for 194 patients (136 had no complications, 58 had early complications).