Fig. 1.

Integrative Stepwise Approach for the Management of COVID-19.

Abbreviations used: ACP: acute cor pulmonale, COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, CRB-65: confusion, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years, CRP: C-reactive protein, CT: computed tomography, Fi02: fraction of inspired oxygen, HNC-LL: hypertension, neutrophil count, CRP, lymphocyte count, and LDH, ICU: intensive care unit, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, MuLBSTA: multilobular infiltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hypertension, and age, NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Pa02: partial pressure of arterial oxygen, PSC-19: predicted score for COVID-19, qSOFA: quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Sat0₂: oxygen saturation. *indicates patients without clinical abnormalities including CRB-65 and qSOFA scores = 0. ^¥indicates patients with ≥1 clinical abnormalities including CRB-65 and qSOFA scores ≥1.