Table I.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 in a Korean nationwide cohort
| Baseline characteristic | Entire cohort | Entire cohort |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 | Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 | SMD | ||
| Total, n (%) | 219,959 | 212,619 (96.7) | 7340 (3.3) | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 49.0 ± 19.9 | 49.5 ± 19.9 | 47.1 ± 19.0 | 0.124 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 104,331 (47.4) | 101,361 (47.7) | 2,970 (40.5) | |
| Female | 115,628 (52.6) | 111,258 (52.3) | 4,370 (59.5) | |
| Region of residence, n (%) | 0.091 | |||
| Rural | 96,315 (43.8) | 92,780 (43.6) | 3,535 (48.2) | |
| Urban | 123,644 (56.2) | 119,839 (56.4) | 3,805 (51.8) | |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 38,396 (17.5) | 37,445 (17.6) | 951 (13) | 0.130 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 32,864 (14.9) | 32,359 (15.2) | 505 (6.9) | 0.268 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 22,134 (10.1) | 21,676 (10.2) | 458 (6.2) | 0.144 |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 18,636 (8.5) | 18,286 (8.6) | 350 (4.8) | 0.154 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 66,281 (30.1) | 64,643 (30.4) | 1,638 (22.3) | 0.184 |
| History of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 15,360 (7.0) | 15,106 (7.1) | 254 (3.5) | 0.163 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | 0.356 | |||
| 0 | 120,433 (54.8) | 115,531 (54.3) | 4,902 (66.8) | |
| 1 | 25,938 (11.8) | 25,129 (11.8) | 809 (11.0) | |
| ≥2 | 73,588 (33.5) | 71,959 (33.9) | 1,629 (22.2) | |
| Previous use of immunosuppressants, n (%) | 3,922 (1.8) | 3,873 (1.8) | 49 (0.7) | 0.104 |
| Exposure | ||||
| Previous use of systemic glucocorticoids, n (%) | 80,943 (36.8) | 78,889 (37.1) | 2,054 (28) | |
| Asthma, n (%) | 32,845 (14.9) | 32,120 (15.1) | 725 (9.9) | |
| Current asthma, n (%) | 27,638 (12.6) | 27,080 (12.7) | 558 (7.6) | |
| Allergic rhinitis, n (%) | 138,743 (63.1) | 134,533 (63.3) | 4,210 (57.4) | |
| Current allergic rhinitis, n (%) | 111,530 (50.7) | 108,234 (51.0) | 3,296 (44.9) | |
| Atopic dermatitis, n (%) | 8,591 (3.9) | 8,402 (4.0) | 189 (2.6) | |
| Current atopic dermatitis, n (%) | 6,840 (3.1) | 6,704 (3.2) | 136 (1.9) | |
An SMD of <0.1 indicates no major imbalance.