Table II.
1:1 propensity-score–matched baseline characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 infection test results, and allergic diseases in all patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing
| Characteristic | Patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 test (total n = 219,959) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma |
Allergic rhinitis |
Atopic dermatitis |
|||||||
| No | Yes | SMD | No | Yes | SMD | No | Yes | SMD | |
| Total, n (%) | 29,570 | 29,570 | 73,527 | 73,527 | 8,436 | 8,436 | |||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 57.7 ± 20.0 | 57.8 ± 20.0 | 0.005 | 49.7 ± 20.2 | 49.8 ± 20.0 | 0.007 | 52.7 ± 21.0 | 52.7 ± 21.4 | 0.002 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.036 | 0.027 | 0.036 | ||||||
| Male | 12,595 (42.6) | 13,126 (44.4) | 36,797 (50.1) | 37,779 (51.4) | 3,783 (44.8) | 3,936 (46.7) | |||
| Female | 16,975 (57.4) | 16,444 (55.6) | 36,730 (50.0) | 35,748 (48.6) | 4,653 (55.2) | 4,500 (53.3) | |||
| Region of residence, n (%) | 0.011 | 0.164 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Rural | 12,670 (42.9) | 12,830 (43.4) | 32,243 (43.9) | 38,227 (52.0) | 3,353 (39.8) | 3,368 (39.9) | |||
| Urban | 16,900 (57.2) | 16,740 (56.6) | 41,284 (56.2) | 35,300 (48.0) | 5,083 (60.3) | 5,068 (60.1) | |||
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8,128 (27.5) | 8,175 (27.7) | 0.004 | 11,987 (16.3) | 13,146 (17.9) | 0.042 | 2,225 (26.4) | 2,200 (26.1) | 0.007 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 7,724 (26.1) | 7,928 (26.8) | 0.017 | 10,050 (13.7) | 12,208 (16.6) | 0.083 | 2,006 (23.8) | 2,048 (24.3) | 0.013 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 4,846 (16.4) | 4,922 (16.7) | 0.008 | 7,447 (10.1) | 8,691 (11.8) | 0.056 | 1,271 (15.1) | 1,319 (15.6) | 0.017 |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 6,641 (22.5) | 6,791 (23.0) | 0.014 | 3,203 (4.4) | 4,531 (6.2) | 0.069 | 1,330 (15.8) | 1,342 (15.9) | 0.004 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 13,616 (46.1) | 13,474 (45.6) | 0.010 | 21,987 (29.9) | 22,974 (31.3) | 0.029 | 3,457 (41.0) | 3,404 (40.4) | 0.013 |
| History of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2,896 (9.8) | 3,205 (10.8) | 0.037 | 4,723 (6.4) | 5,823 (7.9) | 0.060 | 1,014 (12.0) | 1,095 (13.0) | 0.032 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | 0.010 | 0.078 | 0.012 | ||||||
| 0 | 10,774 (36.4) | 10,523 (35.6) | 42,096 (57.3) | 39,524 (53.8) | 3,419 (40.5) | 3,472 (41.2) | |||
| 1 | 4,056 (13.7) | 4,169 (14.1) | 7,574 (10.3) | 7,570 (10.3) | 1,057 (12.5) | 1,048 (12.4) | |||
| ≥2 | 14,740 (49.8) | 14,878 (50.3) | 23,857 (32.5) | 26,433 (36.0) | 3,960 (46.9) | 3,916 (46.4) | |||
| Previous use of immunosuppressants, n (%) | 686 (2.3) | 740 (2.5) | 0.017 | 1,058 (1.4) | 1,394 (1.9) | 0.035 | 449 (5.3) | 550 (6.5) | 0.057 |
| COVID-19, n (%) | 640 (2.2) | 683 (2.3) | 2,044 (2.8) | 2,415 (3.3) | 209 (2.5) | 189 (2.2) | |||
| Minimally adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.07 (1.00 - 1.15)∗ | Reference | 1.15 (1.09-1.22)∗ | Reference | 0.90 (0.74-1.10)∗ | |||
| Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.08 (1.01-1.17)† | Reference | 1.18 (1.11-1.25)‡ | Reference | 0.93 (0.76-1.13)§ | |||
An SMD of <0.1 indicates no major imbalance. All SMD values were <0.1 in each propensity-score–matched cohort.
Numbers in boldface indicate significant differences (P < .05).
Minimally adjusted: adjustment for age and sex.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.