Table III.
1:1 propensity-score–matched baseline characteristics, severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19, and length of stay for patients and allergic diseases among patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection
| Characteristic | Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (total n = 7340) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma |
Allergic rhinitis |
Atopic dermatitis |
|||||||
| No | Yes | SMD | No | Yes | SMD | No | Yes | SMD | |
| Total, n (%) | 537 | 537 | 2176 | 2176 | 154 | 154 | |||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 50.6 ± 18.35 | 51.1 ± 18.0 | 0.029 | 44.1 ± 18.6 | 45.0 ± 18.2 | 0.046 | 43.5 ± 18.8 | 44.7 ± 19.7 | 0.063 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.062 | 0.012 | 0.040 | ||||||
| Male | 168 (31.3) | 184 (34.3) | 849 (39.0) | 862 (39.6) | 67 (43.5) | 64 (41.6) | |||
| Female | 369 (68.7) | 353 (65.7) | 1327 (61.0) | 1314 (60.4) | 87 (56.5) | 90 (58.4) | |||
| Region of residence, n (%) | 0.004 | 0.029 | 0.065 | ||||||
| Rural | 238 (44.3) | 239 (44.5) | 1081 (49.7) | 1050 (48.3) | 79 (51.3) | 84 (54.6) | |||
| Urban | 299 (55.7) | 298 (55.5) | 1095 (50.3) | 1126 (51.8) | 75 (48.7) | 70 (45.5) | |||
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 92 (17.1) | 98 (18.3) | 0.030 | 178 (8.2) | 180 (8.3) | 0.003 | 15 (9.7) | 17 (11.0) | 0.038 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 47 (8.8) | 48 (8.9) | 0.006 | 80 (3.7) | 69 (3.2) | 0.020 | 7 (4.6) | 10 (6.5) | 0.072 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 34 (6.3) | 47 (8.8) | 0.086 | 102 (4.7) | 105 (4.8) | 0.006 | 2 (1.3) | 8 (5.2) | 0.167 |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 19 (3.5) | 24 (4.5) | 0.029 | 25 (1.2) | 24 (1.1) | 0.002 | 5 (3.3) | 7 (4.6) | 0.048 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 133 (24.8) | 149 (27.8) | 0.067 | 367 (16.9) | 364 (16.7) | 0.003 | 27 (17.5) | 34 (22.1) | 0.106 |
| History of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 18 (3.4) | 26 (4.8) | 0.067 | 38 (1.8) | 46 (2.1) | 0.020 | 6 (3.9) | 4 (2.6) | 0.064 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | 0.093 | 0.052 | 0.019 | ||||||
| 0 | 321 (59.8) | 290 (54.0) | 1681 (77.3) | 1536 (70.6) | 113 (73.4) | 107 (69.5) | |||
| 1 | 69 (12.9) | 78 (14.5) | 182 (8.4) | 295 (13.6) | 17 (11.0) | 20 (13.0) | |||
| ≥2 | 147 (27.4) | 169 (31.5) | 313 (14.4) | 345 (15.9) | 24 (15.6) | 27 (17.5) | |||
| Previous use of immunosuppressants, n (%) | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 0.048 | 9 (0.4) | 10 (0.5) | 0.006 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.062 |
| Severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19, n (%) | 24 (4.5) | 37 (6.9) | 81(3.7) | 103 (4.7) | 5(3.3) | 7(4.6) | |||
| Minimally adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.56 (0.95 to 2.62)∗ | Reference | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.66)∗ | Reference | 1.16 (0.34 to 4.15)∗ | |||
| Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.62 (1.01 to 2.67)† | Reference | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.64)‡ | Reference | 0.72 (0.18 to 2.90)§ | |||
| Length of stay for patients in hospital (d), mean ± SD | 22.1 ± 14.1 | 24.6 ± 17.0 | 21.8 ± 14.3 | 22.8 ± 14.5 | 22.4 ± 14.4 | 22.3 ± 14.6 | |||
| Fully adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Reference | 0.89 (−0.25 to 2.03)† | Reference | 0.71 (0.02 to 1.40)‡ | Reference | −0.01 (−2.07 to 2.04)§ | |||
An SMD of <0.1 indicates no major imbalance. All SMD values were <0.1 in each propensity-score–matched cohort, except history of cerebrovascular disease and hypertension among patients without atopic dermatitis vs those with atopic dermatitis.
Numbers in boldface indicate significant differences (P < .05).
Minimally adjusted: adjustment for age and sex.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
Fully adjusted: adjustment for age, sex, region of residence, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Charlson comorbidity index, use of immunosuppressants, use of systemic glucocorticoids, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.