Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Weight Change Patterns From Age 25 Years to 10 Years Before Baseline, NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2014.
| Characteristicsa | Total | Weight change patterns, No. (%)b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance | Gain | Loss | |||||||||
| Normal-normal | Overweight-overweight | Obese-obese | Normal-overweight | Normal-obese | Overweight-obese | Overweight-normal | Obese-Normal | Obese-overweight | |||
| No. (%) | 24 205 (100) | 8363 (38.5) | 2811 (12.1) | 1405 (5.6) | 6329 (24.1) | 2279 (7.9) | 2394 (9.4) | 351 (1.3) | 59 (0.2) | 214 (0.8) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.2 (9.6) | 52.5 (9.4) | 52.0 (9.2) | 51.1 (8.8) | 56.6 (9.6) | 59.0 (9.0) | 54.6 (9.3) | 54.1 (9.4) | 51.4 (9.5) | 53.1 (9.6) | |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Female | 11 617 (49.0) | 4808 (61.4) | 634 (19.6) | 676 (45.1) | 2960 (47.0) | 1417 (65.3) | 887 (33.7) | 129 (37.6) | 32 (55.4) | 74 (32.2) | |
| Male | 12 588 (51.0) | 3555 (38.6) | 2177 (80.4) | 729 (54.9) | 3369 (53.0) | 862 (34.7) | 1507 (66.3) | 222 (62.4) | 27 (44.6) | 140 (67.9) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic | |||||||||||
| White | 11 567 (76.9) | 4268 (78.2) | 1349 (78.2) | 625 (74.2) | 2934 (75.8) | 994 (75.7) | 1120 (76.4) | 146 (72.8) | 26 (71.7) | 105 (77.8) | |
| Black | 5619 (10.0) | 1766 (8.5) | 661 (10.0) | 451 (15.2) | 1367 (9.7) | 587 (12.2) | 631 (11.3) | 97 (12.3) | 16 (14.6) | 43 (9.8) | |
| Hispanic and non-Hispanic other | 7019 (13.1) | 2329 (13.2) | 801 (11.9) | 329 (10.6) | 2028 (14.5) | 698 (12.1) | 643 (12.3) | 108 (15.0) | 17 (13.7) | 66 (12.4) | |
| Education | |||||||||||
| <High school | 6144 (14.9) | 1809 (12.8) | 719 (13.8) | 370 (15.8) | 1690 (16.4) | 738 (19.0) | 609 (15.4) | 115 (18.2) | 16 (19.6) | 78 (22.0) | |
| High school | 7274 (29.4) | 2519 (28.2) | 815 (28.6) | 433 (31.8) | 1889 (29.7) | 689 (32.0) | 739 (30.7) | 115 (31.6) | 20 (29.2) | 55 (26.9) | |
| >High school | 10 787 (55.7) | 4035 (57.6) | 1277 (57.6) | 602 (52.5) | 2750 (53.9) | 852 (49.0) | 1046 (53.9) | 121 (50.3) | 23 (51.2) | 81 (51.1) | |
| Country of birth | |||||||||||
| US | 19 167 (87.6) | 6469 (85.7) | 2235 (89.3) | 1253 (93.9) | 4850 (85.7) | 1843 (90.6) | 2025 (90.9) | 273 (86.9) | 49 (86.4) | 170 (91.8) | |
| Other | 5038 (12.4) | 1894 (14.3) | 576 (10.7) | 152 (6.1) | 1479 (14.3) | 436 (9.4) | 369 (9.1) | 78 (13.1) | 10 (13.6) | 44 (8.2) | |
| Smoking status | |||||||||||
| Never | 11 635 (49.0) | 3956 (48.5) | 1270 (47.0) | 731 (53.5) | 3124 (49.9) | 1174 (52.9) | 1150 (47.1) | 135 (43.6) | 13 (22.8) | 82 (41.4) | |
| Former | 7212 (29.9) | 2232 (27.5) | 828 (29.9) | 359 (26.9) | 2049 (32.4) | 753 (32.5) | 792 (32.7) | 97 (27.5) | 23 (47.7) | 79 (32.0) | |
| Current | 5358 (21.1) | 2175 (24.0) | 713 (23.1) | 315 (19.6) | 1156 (17.8) | 352 (14.7) | 452 (20.1) | 119 (28.9) | 23 (29.3) | 53 (26.7) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| At age 25 y | 23.7 (4.1) | 21.2 (1.6) | 26.4 (1.2) | 34.6 (4.9) | 22.4 (1.7) | 22.6 (1.6) | 27.3 (1.4) | 26.4 (1.3) | 34.4 (5.7) | 33.1 (3.7) | |
| 10 y prior to baseline | 27.2 (5.7) | 22.6 (1.6) | 27.7 (1.4) | 38.6 (7.4) | 27.0 (1.4) | 33.8 (4.4) | 34.1 (4.3) | 23.4 (1.3) | 23.2 (1.5) | 27.9 (1.4) | |
| At baseline | 29.0 (6.1) | 24.9 (3.6) | 29.7 (4.1) | 38.7 (7.8) | 29.2 (4.0) | 34.1 (5.5) | 34.7 (5.4) | 25.9 (4.5) | 29.4 (7.8) | 30.7 (6.2) | |
| BMI change, mean (SD) | 3.5 (4.3) | 1.4 (1.6) | 1.2 (1.6) | 4.0 (6.3) | 4.5 (2.1) | 11.3 (4.6) | 6.8 (4.4) | −3.0 (1.9) | −11.2 (6.0) | −5.2 (3.9) | |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
a
Unweighted frequencies and weighted means/percentages are presented.
b
Weight change patterns are defined in eTable 1 in the Supplement.