Table 1.

Parameter values used in this study

Parameter	Value(s)
Deme carrying capacity, K	64, 512, 4,096
Driver mutation rate, μ	10−6–10−4
Resistance mutation rate	μ/10
Mean driver fitness effect, s	0.05–0.2
Normal cell relative division rate	0.9
Upper bound on cell division rate, m	10
Dispersal rate	Conditional

Mutation rate is measured per cell division; division rate is measured relative to the division rate of the initial tumour cell. The effect of a driver mutation with effect size s is to multiply the cell division rate r by a factor of 1 + s(1 – r/m), where m is the upper bound. Dispersal rates are set such that tumours typically take between 500 and 1,500 cell generations to grow from one to one million cells, corresponding to several years of human tumour growth.