Table 1.
Drugs or substances encapsulating in alginate nanoparticles/microparticles.
| Drug/protein/substances | Polymer | Aims of encapsulation | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticles | |||
| Indomethacin | Alginate-mesoporous silica | Sustained drug-delivery system for poorly water-soluble drug | [53, 54] |
| Bacteriophages | Alginate-nanohydroxyapatite | Delivery system to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections | [55] |
| Bacteriophage | Alginate-CaCO3 | Encapsulation of bacteriophages | [56] |
| VEGF | Alginate | Injectable hydrogels for implant | [57] |
| Prednisolone and inulin | Alginate-chitosan | Nanoparticles for colon delivery | [58] |
| Amphotericin B | Sodium alginate glycol chitosan stearate | Nanoparticles for better chemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis | [59] |
| R6G | Sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite (HAP) | The HAP@Alg nanoparticles show significant potential for the intracellular controlled release of cell-membrane-impermeable drugs | [60] |
| Dasatinib and zein-lactoferrin | Sodium alginate | Nano-in-micro drug-delivery system for anticancer | [61] |
| Curcumin and resveratrol | Alginate | Evaluation against DU145 prostate cancer cell line | [62] |
| Amygdalin | Alginate-chitosan | Biocompatible drug-delivery carriers for anticancer | [63] |
| 5-Fluorouracil | Alginate | Treatment for colon cancer liver metastasis | [64, 65] |
| Doxorubicin hydrochloride | Alginate/CaCO3/DNA | Mediate gene transfection and deliver drug to the cells for cancer treatments | [66] |
| Tilmicosin | Sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) | The novel TIL-nanogel for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cow mastitis | [67] |
|
| |||
| Microparticles | |||
| Bismuth sulfide | Alginate | Microfluidic alginate microspheres and photothermal effect | [41] |
| Polystyrene | Sodium alginate | Microspheres of 400 µm to 900 µm produced pH-responsive smart drug-delivery systems | [68] |
| Gold NPs | Sodium alginate | Alginate hydrogels of higher than 10 nm released PEG-AuNPs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes | [69] |
| D-Mannitol | Sodium alginate, sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS), and poly(methylene-co-cyanoguanidine) hydrochloride (PMCG) | Alginate microbeads of 600 to 800 μm stabilized by two coexisting networks for the treatment of diabetes or others | [70] |
| Sorbitan ester-based organogels | Alginate | Organogels in alginate microparticles | [71] |
| Corticosteroids | Alginate | Microparticles for colon delivery | [72] |
| Vancomycin | Chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte | Vancomycin-chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticles as the controlled drug-delivery system | [73] |
|
| |||
| Other substances | |||
| Allogeneic pancreatic islet | Alginate | Long-term immune protection of allogeneic pancreatic islet cells | [74] |
| Lactoferrin | Alginate | Target Clostridioides difficile infection | [75] |
| Probiotic bacteria | Alginate and silica | Freeze-dried microparticles | [76] |
| Micronutrient | Alginate and chitosan | Functionalization for micronutrient | [77] |
| E. coli Nissle (EcN) | Sodium alginate and chitosan | Alginate-chitosan microcapsule enhanced the survival of EcN | [78] |
| Cefdinir | Alginate | Floating system and Box–Behnken design | [79] |
| MICP bacterial spores | Alginate | Self-healing concrete | [80] |
| SiRNA | Alginate | Vaginal delivery using the scaffold system | [81, 82] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Alginate-chitosan | Alginate microcapsule for uranium ion absorption | [83] |
| Hyaluronate | Alginate | Regenerating cartilage | [84] |