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. 2020 Jun 9;9(11):e014199. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014199

Figure 1. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioadhesive hydrogel.

Figure 1

A, Schematic of the synthesis and in vitro photo–crosslinking strategy of the bioadhesive hydrogel. B, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (500 MHz; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐d6) spectra of GelMA precursor and crosslinked GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel. C, Elastic moduli of GelMA bioadhesive hydrogel produced with 10% (w/v) total polymer concentrations at different visible light exposure times, compared with native myocardium (n=4). In vitro degradation (D) and swelling ratios (E) of GelMA hydrogel (n=4). F, Representative images of (i) live/dead assay, and fluorescent staining against (ii) F‐actin/4′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and (iii) sarcomeric α‐actinin using 3‐dimensional (3D) encapsulated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts inside the hydrogel at day 7 post‐encapsulation. Data are shown as mean±SD. P values were determined by 1‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test for C.