Table 5.
Directly Measured CRF and eCRF at the First and Second Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
| Variable | n | First Test | ICC (95% CI) | n | Second Test | ICC (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | R 2 | SEE | Mean±SD | R 2 | SEE | |||||
| Directly measured CRF | 34.9±9.3 | 36.8±9.7 | ||||||||
| No PA measure | ||||||||||
| Riddle et al 198024 | 987 | 29.6±6.9a | 0.46b | 5.1 | 0.49 (0.44–0.54)b | 987 | 28.3±7.1a, c | 0.55b | 4.7 | 0.37 (0.32–0.42)b |
| Wasserman et al 199425 | 987 | 33.9±7.0a | 0.54b | 4.7 | 0.70 (0.67–0.73)b | 987 | 32.8±7.1a, c | 0.62b | 4.3 | 0.66 (0.63–0.70)b |
| Jang et al 2012 (model 1)26 | 798 | 45.5±6.5a | 0.34b | 5.3 | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 772 | 45.3±6.5a, c | 0.31b | 5.4 | 0.11 (0.04–0.18)b |
| Baynard et al 2016 (BMI)27 | 987 | 36.6±7.1a | 0.53b | 4.9 | 0.68 (0.65–0.71) b | 987 | 35.6±7.3a, c | 0.61b | 4.5 | 0.74 (0.71–0.77)b |
| Baynard et al 2016 (WC)27 | 813 | 35.6±7.4a | 0.57b | 4.9 | 0.73 (0.69–0.76)b | 845 | 35.0±7.4a, c | 0.62b | 4.6 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79)b |
| Myers et al 201728 | 987 | 36.2±7.3a | 0.53b | 5.0 | 0.70 (0.66–0.73)b | 987 | 35.1±7.5a, c | 0.62b | 4.7 | 0.74 (0.71–0.77)b |
| de Souza et al 201829 | 987 | 35.3±7.4 | 0.54b | 5.1 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74)b | 987 | 34.3±7.6a, c | 0.62b | 4.7 | 0.73 (0.70–0.76)b |
| Includes measure of PA | ||||||||||
| Jackson et al 1990 (BMI)30 | 811 | 32.6±9.7a | 0.61b | 6.1 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79)b | 799 | 34.2±9.8a, c | 0.62b | 6.0 | 0.77 (0.74–0.80)b |
| Jackson et al 1990 (%fat)30 | 456 | 28.2±9.1a | 0.60b | 5.8 | 0.70 (0.65–0.74)b | 490 | 30.3±8.6a, c | 0.53b | 5.8 | 0.68 (0.63–0.73)b |
| Heil et al 199531 | 456 | 34.3±7.5a | 0.55b | 5.0 | 0.70 (0.65–0.74)b | 490 | 36.4±7.2a, c | 0.51b | 5.1 | 0.64 (0.59–0.69)b |
| Whaley et al 1995 (BMI)32 | 878 | 34.7±8.3 | 0.62b | 5.2 | 0.78 (0.75–0.81)b | 861 | 36.1±8.4c | 0.59b | 5.3 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79)b |
| Whaley et al 1995 (%fat)32 | 490 | 30.6±8.4a | 0.62b | 5.2 | 0.78 (0.74–0.81)b | 529 | 32.2±7.8a, c | 0.55b | 5.3 | 0.73 (0.68–0.76)b |
| Matthews et al 199933 | 811 | 37.1±8.2a | 0.62b | 5.1 | 0.75 (0.72–0.78)b | 799 | 38.2±8.4a, c | 0.65b | 5.0 | 0.78 (0.75–0.80)b |
| Jurca et al 2005 (ACLS)34 | 808 | 35.5±8.0a | 0.65b | 4.7 | 0.79 (0.77–0.82)b | 793 | 37.0±8.1a, c | 0.67b | 4.6 | 0.80 (0.78–0.83)b |
| Jurca et al 2005 (ADNFS)34 | 808 | 38.4±7.6a | 0.63b | 4.6 | 0.70 (0.66–0.73)b | 793 | 38.0±7.8a | 0.70b | 4.3 | 0.79 (0.77–0.82)b |
| Jurca et al 2005 (NASA)34 | 808 | 34.4±8.1 | 0.66b | 4.7 | 0.80 (0.78–0.83)b | 793 | 35.2±8.2a, c | 0.69b | 4.6 | 0.81 (0.79–0.84)b |
| Wier et al 2006 (BMI)35 | 811 | 34.2±8.4a | 0.63b | 5.1 | 0.79 (0.76–0.81)b | 799 | 35.4±8.6a, c | 0.64b | 5.1 | 0.79 (0.76–0.82)b |
| Wier et al 2006 (%fat)35 | 456 | 30.1±8.0a | 0.63b | 4.9 | 0.77 (0.73–0.81)b | 490 | 31.7±7.5a, c | 0.56b | 5.0 | 0.73 (0.68–0.77)b |
| Wier et al 2006 (WC)35 | 676 | 33.1±8.1a | 0.64b | 4.9 | 0.79 (0.76–0.82)b | 698 | 34.5±8.1a, c | 0.64b | 4.9 | 0.79 (0.76–0.81)b |
| Nes et al 201136 | 676 | 40.9±7.5a | 0.67b | 4.4 | 0.53 (0.47–0.58)b | 697 | 41.6±7.7a, c | 0.71b | 4.2 | 0.61 (0.56–0.65)b |
| Cáceres et al 2012 (9 levels)37 | 666 | 34.1±6.8 | 0.42b | 5.1 | 0.63 (0.58–0.67)b | 642 | 31.7±6.6a, c | 0.52b | 4.6 | 0.61 (0.55–0.65)b |
| Cáceres et al 2012 (5 levels)37 | 666 | 35.2±7.0a | 0.42b | 5.4 | 0.62 (0.57–0.66)b | 643 | 32.5±6.8a, c | 0.48b | 4.9 | 0.62 (0.57–0.66)b |
| Jackson et al 2012 (BMI, 5‐level PA)20 | 595 | 38.3±7.0a | 0.57b | 4.6 | 0.58 (0.53–0.63)b | 592 | 38.8±7.2a, c | 0.65b | 4.3 | 0.68 (0.64–0.72)b |
| Jackson et al 2012 (%fat, 5‐level PA)20 | 383 | 36.5±6.4a | 0.60b | 4.1 | 0.58 (0.51–0.64)b | 412 | 37.6±6.3a, c | 0.59b | 4.1 | 0.58 (0.52–0.64)b |
| Jackson et al 2012 (BMI, 2‐level PA)20 | 595 | 38.2±7.1a | 0.56b | 4.7 | 0.59 (0.54–0.64)b | 592 | 38.6±7.3a, c | 0.65b | 4.4 | 0.70 (0.65–0.74)b |
| Jackson et al 2012 (%fat, 2‐level PA)20 | 383 | 36.4±6.4a | 0.59b | 4.1 | 0.59 (0.52–0.65)b | 412 | 37.4±6.4a, c | 0.59b | 4.1 | 0.60 (0.54–0.66)b |
| Jang et al 2012 (model 2)26 | 682 | 44.7±6.7a | 0.46b | 4.9 | 0.13 (0.05–0.20)b | 666 | 45.7±6.7a, c | 0.43b | 5.1 | 0.15 (0.07–0.22)b |
%Fat indicates percentage body fat; ACLS, equation based on data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study; ADNFS, equation based on data from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey; BMI, body mass index; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; eCRF, estimated CRF; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; NASA, equation based on data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center; PA, physical activity; and WC, waist circumference.
a
Significantly different from directly measured CRF.
b
Significant correlation/association with directly measured CRF.
c
Significantly different from test 1 (P<0.05).