Table 10.
When Follow‐Up Testing Occurred ≥2 Years After the Baseline Test, Percentage of Participants Classified as Having Increased, Decreased, or No Change in CRF, According to Directly Measured CRF and eCRF
| Variable | Cohen's κ (95% CI) | Decrease in Directly Measured CRF | No Change in Directly Measured CRF | Increase in Directly Measured CRF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated Decreased CRF | Estimated No Change CRF | Estimated Increased CRF | Estimated Decreased CRF | Estimated No Change CRF | Estimated Increased CRF | Estimated Decreased CRF | Estimated No Change CRF | Estimated Increased CRF | ||
| No PA measure | ||||||||||
| Riddle et al 198024 | 0.19 (0.12–0.26)* | 92 | 8 | 1 | 72 | 27 | 2 | 57 | 33 | 10 |
| Wasserman et al 199425 | 0.20 (0.13–0.27)* | 86 | 14 | 0 | 61 | 38 | 2 | 47 | 46 | 7 |
| Jang et al 2012 (model 1)26 | 0.09 (0.05–0.14)* | 22 | 78 | 0 | 5 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 95 | 3 |
| Baynard et al 2016 (BMI)27 | 0.24 (0.17–0.31)* | 84 | 15 | 1 | 53 | 47 | 0 | 38 | 54 | 8 |
| Baynard et al 2016 (WC)27 | 0.22 (0.14–0.31)* | 79 | 17 | 4 | 59 | 39 | 2 | 31 | 53 | 16 |
| Myers et al 201728 | 0.21 (0.14–0.29)* | 85 | 15 | 0 | 59 | 41 | 0 | 45 | 47 | 8 |
| de Souza et al 201829 | 0.22 (0.15–0.29)* | 86 | 14 | 1 | 61 | 39 | 0 | 45 | 45 | 10 |
| Includes measure of PA | ||||||||||
| Jackson et al 1990 (BMI)30 | 0.25 (0.16–0.35)* | 74 | 15 | 11 | 45 | 29 | 26 | 33 | 30 | 37 |
| Jackson et al 1990 (%fat)30 | 0.31 (0.19–0.43)* | 73 | 10 | 16 | 35 | 31 | 35 | 29 | 24 | 48 |
| Heil et al 199531 | 0.31 (0.20–0.43)* | 70 | 12 | 19 | 27 | 35 | 38 | 24 | 26 | 50 |
| Whaley et al 1995 (BMI)32 | 0.30 (0.21–0.39)* | 69 | 18 | 12 | 34 | 40 | 26 | 24 | 34 | 43 |
| Whaley et al 1995 (%fat)32 | 0.25 (0.13–0.36)* | 69 | 16 | 14 | 38 | 28 | 34 | 30 | 26 | 44 |
| Matthews et al 199933 | 0.30 (0.20–0.39)* | 74 | 17 | 9 | 43 | 33 | 24 | 21 | 39 | 40 |
| Jurca et al 2005 (ACLS)34 | 0.33 (0.23–0.42)* | 72 | 17 | 12 | 29 | 46 | 24 | 24 | 35 | 41 |
| Jurca et al 2005 (ADNFS)34 | 0.29 (0.20–0.37)* | 80 | 17 | 2 | 44 | 56 | 0 | 32 | 55 | 14 |
| Jurca et al 2005 (NASA)34 | 0.32 (0.23–0.42)* | 75 | 17 | 9 | 37 | 46 | 17 | 26 | 38 | 36 |
| Wier et al 2006 (BMI)35 | 0.31 (0.21–0.40)* | 77 | 12 | 11 | 38 | 38 | 24 | 33 | 30 | 37 |
| Wier et al 2006 (%fat)35 | 0.28 (0.16–0.40)* | 72 | 12 | 16 | 35 | 31 | 35 | 33 | 21 | 45 |
| Wier et al 2006 (WC)35 | 0.33 (0.22–0.43)* | 77 | 9 | 14 | 38 | 38 | 24 | 30 | 28 | 42 |
| Nes et al 201136 | 0.31 (0.20–0.41)* | 73 | 17 | 10 | 41 | 47 | 12 | 23 | 43 | 34 |
| Cáceres et al 2012 (9 levels)37 | 0.17 (0.06–0.27)* | 84 | 12 | 4 | 53 | 33 | 13 | 63 | 27 | 10 |
| Cáceres et al 2012 (5 levels)37 | 0.14 (0.04–0.25)* | 81 | 17 | 2 | 60 | 33 | 7 | 63 | 27 | 10 |
| Jackson et al 2012 (BMI, 5‐level PA)20 | 0.32 (0.22–0.42)* | 66 | 26 | 8 | 19 | 73 | 8 | 16 | 58 | 27 |
| Jackson et al 2012 (%fat, 5‐level PA)20 | 0.34 (0.22–0.47)* | 66 | 21 | 13 | 20 | 65 | 15 | 14 | 47 | 39 |
| Jackson et al 2012 (BMI, 2‐level PA)20 | 0.32 (0.21–0.42)* | 67 | 26 | 7 | 23 | 73 | 4 | 16 | 60 | 24 |
| Jackson et al 2012 (%fat, 2‐level PA)20 | 0.32 (0.21–0.44)* | 66 | 23 | 11 | 20 | 65 | 15 | 14 | 53 | 33 |
| Jang et al 2012 (model 2)26 | 0.22 (0.13–0.31)* | 43 | 45 | 12 | 13 | 68 | 19 | 4 | 61 | 35 |
A change of ≥5% from the first test was used to classify participants as having increased, decreased, or no change in CRF. %Fat indicates percentage body fat; ACLS, equation based on data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study; ADNFS, equation based on data from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey; BMI, body mass index; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; eCRF, estimated CRF; NASA, equation based on data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center; PA, physical activity; and WC, waist circumference.
Significant agreement between eCRF and directly measured CRF.
Gray columns indicate correct predictions.