Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics for Consecutive Community‐Dwelling Adults Aged ≥65 Years With No Documented Atrial Fibrillation Referred to Outpatient Cardiology Clinics From 2010 to 2017 (N=32 454), Separately for Those With Normal, Mild, or Moderate‐Severe LAE on Echocardiography (n=19 265) and Normal or Excessive Atrial Ectopy on Holter Investigations (n=13 189)
| Echocardiography | P Value | Holter | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal n=14 658n (%) | Mild LAE n=3601n (%) | Moderate‐Severe LAE (Women >42 mm; Men >47 mm)n=1006n (%) | Normal n=10 377n (%) | EAE (≥30 APBs/h) n=2812n (%) | |||
| Age, y (mean±SD) | 70.8±4.3 | 71.2±4.4 | 71.6±4.6 | <0.0001a | 73.5±6.8 | 76.4±7.2 | <0.0001a |
| Women | 8089 (55.2) | 1736 (48.2) | 564 (56.1) | <0.0001a | 4201 (40.5) | 1327 (47.2) | <0.0001a |
| Rural residence | 408 (2.8) | 125 (3.5) | 41 (4.1) | 0.01 | 191 (1.8) | 57 (2.0) | 0.52 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc (mean±SD) | 1.2±0.9 | 1.5±1.0 | 1.7±1.0 | <0.0001a | 1.5±2.0 | 1.7±1.0 | <0.0001a |
| PMH | |||||||
| Stroke | 122 (0.8) | 34 (0.9) | 17 (1.7) | 0.02 | 151 (1.5) | 42 (1.5) | 0.88 |
| CHF | 384 (2.6) | 214 (5.9) | 112 (11.1) | <0.0001a | 416 (4.0) | 151 (5.4) | 0.002a |
| Hypertension | 9944 (67.8) | 2783 (77.3) | 827 (82.2) | <0.0001a | 7429 (71.6) | 2117 (75.3) | 0.0001a |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4192 (28.6) | 1293 (35.9) | 379 (37.7) | <0.0001a | 2886 (27.8) | 785 (27.9) | 0.91 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 801 (5.5) | 303 (8.4) | 105 (10.4) | <0.0001a | 731 (7.0) | 165 (5.9) | 0.03 |
| MI | 291 (2.0) | 143 (4.0) | 52 (5.2) | <0.0001a | 288 (2.8) | 61 (2.2) | 0.08 |
| Angina | 300 (2.0) | 144 (4.0) | 39 (3.9) | <0.0001a | 294 (2.8) | 71 (2.5) | 0.38 |
| PCI/CABG | 534 (3.6) | 268 (7.4) | 87 (8.6) | <0.0001a | 432 (4.2) | 104 (3.7) | 0.27 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 979 (6.7) | 462 (12.8) | 163 (16.2) | <0.0001a | 896 (8.6) | 234 (8.3) | 0.86 |
| Vascular disease | 708 (4.8) | 336 (9.3) | 106 (10.5) | <0.0001a | 592 (5.7) | 145 (5.2) | 0.26 |
| Peripheral disease | 119 (0.8) | 55 (1.5) | 12 (1.2) | 0.0003a | 90 (0.9) | 28 (1.0) | 0.52 |
| Charlson ≥2 | 1942 (13.2) | 649 (18.0) | 206 (20.5) | <0.0001a | 1562 (15.1) | 485 (17.2) | 0.004 |
| LV mass index, mean±SD | 123.6±45.3 | 158.5±69.8 | 176.7±52.1 | <0.0001a | 131.2±63.2 | 136.1±42.4 | 0.04 |
| Concentric LVH | 566 (3.9) | 366 (10.2) | 136 (13.5) | <0.0001a | 171 (1.6) | 42 (1.5) | 0.81 |
| Systolic functionb | n=6731 | n=1925 | n=632 | n=1796 | n=365 | ||
| Grade I | 6040 (89.7) | 1517 (78.8) | 431 (68.2) | 1558 (86.7) | 299 (81.9) | ||
| Grade I to II | 342 (5.1) | 171 (8.9) | 62 (9.8) | 112 (6.2) | 32 (8.8) | ||
| Grade II | 226 (3.4) | 130 (6.8) | 64 (10.1) | 61 (3.4) | 13 (3.6) | ||
| Grade II to III | 61 (0.9) | 49 (2.5) | 22 (3.5) | 20 (1.1) | 7 (1.9) | ||
| Grade III | 46 (0.7) | 38 (2.0) | 28 (4.4) | 32 (1.8) | 12 (3.3) | ||
| Grade III to IV | 11 (0.2) | 17 (0.9) | 15 (2.4) | 8 (0.4) | ≤5 | ||
| Grade IV | ≤5 | ≤5 | 10 (1.6) | <0.0001a | ≤5 | ≤5 | 0.18 |
| Prior medication use (<1 y) | |||||||
| Antihypertensive | 8625 (58.8) | 2563 (71.2) | 798 (79.3) | <0.0001a | 6511 (62.7) | 1891 (67.2) | <0.0001a |
| Statin | 7111 (48.5) | 1981 (55.0) | 576 (57.3) | <0.0001a | 5103 (49.2) | 1382 (49.1) | 0.98 |
| Antiplatelet | 926 (6.3) | 309 (8.6) | 109 (10.8) | <0.0001a | 749 (7.2) | 229 (8.1) | 0.10 |
APB indicates atrial premature beats; CHF indicates congestive heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; LAE, left atrial enlargement; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI/CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass grafting; and PMH, prior medical history;
P<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons to P<0.002 for significance.
On available data for systolic function.