Table 3.
Atrioventricular Valve Interventions and Outcomes
| First Author | Y | Number of AVV Interventions | Age, Y (IQR or Range) or Mean±SD | Failed AVV Interventions | Timing of Repair Failure From Original Intervention, Y (IQR) or Mean±SD | Risk Factors for Repair Failure or Re‐intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King et al5 | 2019 |
120 110 repairs 10 replacements |
3.4 (1.6–6.9) | 41% re‐interventions or recurrent moderate or greater AVVR | 3.4 (1.6–4.8) |
Common AVV and tricuspid valve Systemic right ventricle |
| Sughimoto et al42 | 2018 | 56 replacements | 2.1 (0.8–10.5) | 20% repeat AVV replacement | 0.25 (0.04–0.78) |
Tricuspid valve Valve replacement between Stage II and Fontan |
| King et al9 | 2017 |
28 24 repairs 4 replacements |
3.5 (2.0–7.0) | 67% re‐interventions or recurrent moderate or greater AVVR | 2.9±0.75 | NR |
| Laux et al48 | 2015 | 31 | 3.6 (range 0.1–36.5) | 19% reoperations | 2 (range 0.2–7.6) |
Failed first AVV repair Higher total number of surgeries Lower body mass index Male sex Need for early repair before Stage II |
| Kotani et al36 | 2012 | 58 | 0.62* (range 0.02–13.33) |
81% recurrent AVVR 21% repeat interventions |
1.75 (range 0.17–5.33) |
Recurrent moderate‐severe AVVR: repair at Stage II, CPB time Re‐intervention: valvuloplasty repair technique, CPB time, aortic cross‐clamp time, significant residual AVVR on intraoperative transesophageal echo, poor postoperative ventricular function |
| Sano et al24 | 2012 | 32 | 1.25 (range 0.07–36.92) | 38% repeat interventions for recurrent AVVR | NR |
Moderate or more pre‐operative AVVR Early failure of initial repair (moderate or more AVVR within 1 mo after operation) Younger age at initial AVV repair |
| Wong et al10 | 2012 |
76 66 repairs 5 replacements 5 valve closures |
1 (range 0.27–3.3) | 26% reoperations | 2.8 (1–5) |
Moderate or severe postoperative regurgitation Timing between Stage II and Fontan completion |
| Honjo et al16 | 2011 | 57 | 0.57 (range 0.025–17.4) | 17% recurrent AVVR requiring repeat repair or replacement | 1.75 (range 0.17–5.17) |
Younger age at repair Small body surface area Increased indexed AVV annular and ventricular dimensions Leaflet dysplasia Residual AVVR |
| Ando and Takahashi57 | 2011 |
103 93 repairs 10 replacements |
9.9±9.6 | 24% repeat interventions | NR | NR |
| Menon et al51 | 2010 |
61 38 repairs 23 replacements |
14 (range 3–41) | 13% of repairs | NR | NR |
| Nakata et al49 | 2010 | 65 | 0.80 (range 0–17) | 30% reoperations | 0.49 (0.02–3.93) |
Univariate analysis: concomitant systemic to pulmonary shunt, age <3 mo, body weight <4 kg, palliative stage Multivariate analysis: no risk factors |
| Mavroudis et al53 | 2005 | 15 | 20.3±8.4 | N/A | 12.0±4.7 | 15/80 patients required AVV repair at time of Fontan revision |
Description of studies reporting atrioventricular valve interventions across all stages of palliation, failed repairs, and risk factors for valve failure in single ventricle patients. AVV, atrioventricular valve; AAVR, atrioventricular valve regurgitation; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; IQR, interquartile range; and NR, not reported. *, mean.