Table 5.
Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis of the Association of Categorized w‐SD With Renal Outcome
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| w‐SD | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Quartile 2 | 1.19 (0.80–1.78) | 1.26 (0.84–1.89) | 1.26 (0.84–1.90) | 1.25 (0.83–1.88) | 1.25 (0.83–1.88) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) | 1.18 (0.79–1.77) | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) | 1.13 (0.75–1.71) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.85 (1.28–2.66) | 1.60 (1.08–2.36) | 1.64 (1.10–2.45) | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) | 1.56 (1.04–2.33) |
| 24‐h SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 1.29 (1.22–1.38) | … | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | … | … |
| Daytime SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 1.29 (1.21–1.37) | … | … | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | … |
| Nighttime SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 1.27 (1.20–1.35) | … | … | … | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) |
| Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.32 (1.01–1.71) | 1.74 (1.21–2.50) | 1.75 (1.21–2.53) | 1.73 (1.20–2.49) | 1.73 (1.20–2.50) |
| BMI | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.97 (0.95–1.02) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) |
| Smoker | 1.45 (1.12–1.88) | 1.07 (0.76–1.51) | 1.07 (0.77–1.52) | 1.07 (0.75–1.51) | 1.07 (0.75–1.51) |
| DM | 1.98 (1.48–2.64) | 1.32 (0.94–1.85) | 1.33 (0.95–1.87) | 1.31 (0.94–1.84) | 1.30 (0.93–1.83) |
| History of CVD | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | 0.97 (0.65–1.43) |
| Antihypertensive treatment | 2.30 (1.50–3.51) | 1.32 (0.85–2.06) | 1.33 (0.85–2.07) | 1.32 (0.85–2.06) | 1.32 (0.84–2.05) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) | 0.92 (0.56–1.54) | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) |
| Serum albumin | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) |
| Anemia | 3.84 (2.89–5.11) | 1.94 (1.41–2.68) | 1.94 (1.41–2.67) | 1.94 (1.41–2.67) | 1.94 (1.41–2.67) |
| Log‐transformed 24‐h proteinuria | 4.43 (3.42–5.75) | 2.10 (1.49–2.94) | 2.11 (1.50–2.96) | 2.08 (1.48–2.92) | 2.08 (1.48–2.92) |
| eGFR | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) |
| Dipper | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.92 (0.67–1.28) | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) |
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), antihypertensive treatment, serum albumin, anemia, dyslipidemia, dipper, log‐transformed 24‐hour proteinuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Model 2: model 1+24‐hour systolic blood pressure (SBP). Model 3: model 1+daytime SBP. Model 4: model 1+nighttime SBP. HR indicates hazard ratio; quartile 1, patients with weighted SD of SBP (w‐SD) <9.6 mm Hg; quartile 2, patients with w‐SD ≥9.6 mm Hg and w‐SD<11.6 mm Hg; quartile 3, patients with w‐SD ≥11.6 mm Hg and w‐SD <15.1 mm Hg; and quartile 4, patients with w‐SD≥15.1 mm Hg.