Figure 1. Tranilast (TR) enhances K63‐linked ubiquitination of NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine‐rich repeat–containing receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3).

A and B, Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were transfected as indicated. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti‐Flag (F). The immunoprecipitates and lysates were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. C, J774A.1 cells were treated as indicated. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti‐NLRP3 and then immunoblotted with anti‐ubiquitin. Immunoblotting (IB) was conducted to examine the expression of indicated proteins. D through F, J774A.1 macrophages were treated as indicated. IB was conducted to examine the expression of proteins indicated. ASC indicates apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IgHC, heavy chain of immunoglobulin G; IP, immunoprecipitation; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; R, arginine; and Ub, ubiquitin.