Table 2.
Standardized Mortality Ratios for CVD by Joint Category of Municipality‐Level SES and Built Environmental Attributes
| Environmental Attributes | Median (IQR) SMR | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Higher SES | Medium SES | Lower SES | |
| Neighborhood walkability | |||
| Higher (0.3 to 8.6) | 94.7 (86.3–105.9) | 98.5 (89.0–109.3) | 104.5 (95.9–114.7) |
| Medium (−1.0 to 0.3) | 101.7 (91.4–112.9) | 99.6 (89.3–112.9) | 105.5 (94.2–117.3) |
| Lower (−27.8 to −1.0) | 101.3 (92.4–115.6) | 101.7 (93.3–114.5) | 104.5 (90.9–120.1) |
| Population density (people/km2) | |||
| Higher (3068 to 26 578) | 94.7 (86.7–106.2) | 98.3 (88.5–109.7) | 104.4 (95.1–114.9) |
| Medium (895 to 3068) | 99.6 (89.9–111.7) | 99.5 (89.9–111.7) | 105.4 (93.1–118.8) |
| Lower (5 to 895) | 104.6 (92.6–117.8) | 101.8 (92.0–115.7) | 104.4 (91.8–119.6) |
| Road density, m/km2 | |||
| Higher (9387 to 36 979) | 94.5 (86.3–105.3) | 98.0 (89.3–109.2) | 104.1 (95.1–114.0) |
| Medium (5009 to 9387) | 101.9 (91.6–112.6) | 100.7 (90.0–113.7) | 103.0 (90.7–115.8) |
| Lower (0 to 5009) | 104.3 (93.1–118.7) | 101.0 (90.8–112.8) | 105.5 (92.8–121.4) |
| Access to commercial areas, m | |||
| Closer (21 to 1221) | 94.8 (86.8–105.9) | 98.6 (88.4–110.3) | 106.9 (96.2–119.9) |
| Medium (1221 to 2774) | 100.3 (90.0–111.2) | 100.0 (90.4–112.8) | 105.0 (95.1–115.7) |
| Farther (2774 to 75 083) | 103.9 (92.6–120.5) | 101.2 (91.4–113.7) | 103.9 (90.2–119.8) |
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; IQR, interquartile range; and SMR, standardized mortality ratio.