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. 2020 Jun 10;9(12):e015009. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015009

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© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Longitudinal changes of HF phenotypes and outcomes. Patients with HFpEF and HFrEF have a similar prognosis according to classification at baseline. LVEF is not static but changes during follow‐up. Each HF phenotype according to the longitudinal LVEF change (ie, persistent HFrEF, HFiEF, persistent HFpEF, and HFdEF) has a distinct prognosis. HF indicates heart failure; HFdEF, heart failure with declined ejection fraction; HFiEF, heart failure with improved ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.