Table 1.

Selected Input Value for the Cost-Effectiveness Model

Data input	Stage I hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years without CVD		Stage II hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years without CVD
Data input	Non-drug treatment	Drug treatment	Stage II hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years without CVD
First cardiovascular disease event or death among participants with stage I hypertension or stage II hypertension (rate/person-year)
Stroke incidence^*	0.013	0.012	0.020
CAD incidence^*	0.016	0.014	0.023
All-cause mortality^*	0.016	0.018	0.020
Second cardiovascular disease event or death among participants with stage I hypertension (rate/person-year)
CAD incidence after stroke^*	0.030	0.021	-
One-year recurrent stroke²⁴	0.170	0.112	-
Long-term recurrent Stroke²⁵	0.069	0.045	-
All-cause mortality after stroke^*	0.041	0.047	-
Stroke incidence after CAD^*	0.024	0.012	-
One-year recurrent CAD²⁶	0.090	0.068	-
Long-term recurrent CAD²⁷	0.030	0.023	-
All-cause mortality after CAD^*	0.029	0.037	-
Frequency of progression to stage II hypertension^*	0.150	0.148	-
Effect of drug treatment
RR reduction of recurrent stroke²⁸	0.37 (0.20–0.50)^†
RR reduction of recurrent CAD²⁹	0.32 (0.20–0.42)^†
Cost ($)^‡
Hypertension screening or monitoring visit costs³⁰	2.44 (2.15–2.55)^†
Average antihypertensive drug costs of 1.0 standard dose per year³¹	88.92 (51.24–266.76)^†
Annual cost for health management of hypertension³²	18.12
Annual cost for stroke^20,34,35	3017.58 (954.07–8977.11)^† for the first year, 1416.73 (299.24–4250.19)^† for the subsequent years
Annual cost for CAD^20,36	4374.54 (1285.49–12916.95)^† for the first year, 397.69 (130.47–1174.26)^† for the subsequent years
Quality of life weights (health utilities)
Hypertension^37–39	0.90 (0.79–0.95)^†
Stroke^18,38,39	0.63 (0.26–0.89)^†; post 0.65 (0.46–0.82)^†
CAD^39,40	0.76 (0.50–0.89)^†; post 0.88 (0.67–0.94)^†
Death	0
Discount rate	3% (0%−5%)^†

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; and RR, relative risk.

Data are from the SWHS, SMHS, and DFTJ cohort^21–23.

^†

The values inside the brackets represent ranges for sensitivity analyses.

^‡

The costs were inflated to the 2017 price level using the average rate of inflation in China from 2010 to 2017 and converted to US dollars (US$1.00=6.75RMB).

^“-”

means data is not required.