Table 2.

Results for non-drug versus drug treatment among stage I hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years without CVD

Outcome	12-year time horizon			25-year time horizon			lifetime horizon
	Non-drug treatment	Drug treatment	Changes	Non-drug treatment	Drug treatment	Changes	Non-drug treatment	Drug treatment	Changes
Undiscounted QALYs	9.37	9.30	0.07	16.55	16.25	0.30	20.43	19.88	0.55
Undiscounted costs ($)	3360.32	3502.14	−141.82	8665.20	8133.20	532.00	12294.12	11096.85	1197.27
Costs by hypertension	513.11	975.72	−462.61	971.47	1472.71	−501.24	1147.38	1652.21	−504.83
Costs by stroke	1529.35	1365.25	164.10	4503.27	3890.81	612.46	6675.41	5615.58	1059.83
Costs by CAD	1317.86	1161.17	156.69	3190.46	2769.68	420.78	4471.33	3829.06	642.27
Undiscounted ICER	Cost-saving			$1779.46/QALY			$2162.42/QALY
Discounted QALYs	7.97	7.91	0.06	12.20	12.01	0.19	13.81	13.52	0.29
Discounted cost ($)	2729.79	2887.47	−157.68	5820.53	5592.71	227.82	7327.85	6825.45	502.40
Costs by hypertension	420.88	837.87	−416.99	693.87	1135.05	−441.18	767.76	1210.49	−442.73
Costs by stroke	1228.64	1097.80	130.84	2954.80	2567.00	387.80	3856.30	3283.97	572.33
Costs by CAD	1080.27	951.80	128.47	2171.86	1890.66	281.20	2703.79	2330.99	372.80
Discount ICER	Cost-saving			$1216.58/QALY			$1720.29/QALY

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; and QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

US$1.00=6.75RMB; The GDP per capita of China in 2017 was reported to be $8836 from the World Bank report.