Table 1.
Data-extraction of included studies.
| N Type of injury |
Definition RTPf | Athletes RTPf (%) | Functional performance tests |
Timing functional performance tests | Timing follow-up |
Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ardern et al., 2011b | 503 ACLR | Return to full competition |
33.4% attempted full competition (n=168) |
Single hop for distance Crossover hop for distance |
12 months following ACLR |
12 months following ACLR |
Athletes with good results on both hop test were significantly more likely than athletes with poor results to have attempted full competition RR 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.4) |
| Edwards et al., 2018 | 113 ACLR | Return to level I or level II on the NSARS |
64% (n=72) | Single hop for Distance Crossover hop for distance Triple hop for distance 6-meter timed hop |
10-14 months following ACLR |
10-14 months following ACLR |
Single hop for distance (LSI %)* RTPf 94.2 ±8.2; No RTPf 77.1 ±17.6 Crossover hop for distance (LSI %)* RTPf 94.0 ±8.2; No RTPf 76.4 ±20.7 Triple hop for distance (LSI %)* RTPf 94.6 ±8.9; No RTPf 77.9 ±19.1 6-meter timed hop (LSI %)* RTPf 94.0 ±8.8; No RTPg 78.4 ±18.6 |
| Hamrin Senorski et al., 2017 | 157 ACLR | Return to pre-injury Tegner |
33% (n=52) | Single hop for distance Vertical jump Side hop |
10 (6-18) months following ACLR |
10 (6-18) months following ACLR |
Men Vertical jump IL (cm/kg)RTPf 0.26 ±0.07; No RTPf 0.27 ±0.07 Vertical jump NL (cm/kg)RTPf 0.29 ±0.05; No RTPf 0.27 ±0.06 Single hop for distance IL (cm/kg)RTPf 2.0 ±0.3; No RTPf 2.0 ±0.3 Single hop for distance NL (cm/kg)RTPf 2.1 ±0.4; No RTPf 2.1 ±0.4 Side hop IL (n/kg)RTPf 0.8 ±0.1; No RTPf 0.7 ±0.2 Side hop NL (n/kg)RTPf 0.8 ±0.1; No RTPf 0.7 ±0.1 Women Vertical jump IL (cm/kg)RTPf 0.23 ±0.04; No RTPf 0.21 ±0.06 Vertical jump NL (cm/kg)RTPf 0.26 ±0.04; No RTPf 0.27 ±0.03 Single hop for distance IL (cm/kg)RTPf 2.1 ±0.4; No RTPf 1.9 ±0.3 Single hop for distance NL (cm/kg)RTPf 2.1 ±0.3; No RTPf 2.0 ±0.3 Side hop IL (n/kg)*RTPf 0.7 ±0.2; No RTPf 0.5 ±0.2 Side hop NL (n/kg)*RTPf 0.8 ±0.2; No RTPf 0.6 ±0.2 |
| Langford et al., 2009 | 65 ACLR | Return to full competition |
52% (n=33) | Single hop for Distance Crossover hop for distance |
12 months following ACLR |
12 months following ACLR |
Single hop for distance (LSI %)RTPf 90.95±8.21; No RTPf 88.87 ±9.77 Crossover hop for distance (LSI %)RTPf 92.32±.50; No RTPf 91.85±10.40 |
| Lee et al., 2019 | 52 PCLR | Previous sports activity level |
9 months following PCLR: 73% (n=38) 24 months following PCLR: 87% (n=45) |
Single hop for distance Vertical jump |
9, 12, and 24 months following PCLR |
29.5 ± 8.6 months following PCLR |
Single hop for distance (LSI%) RTPf 95.8±11.8; No RTPf 88.6±10.5 Vertical jump (LSI%)*RTPf 94.7 ±10.0; No RTPf 87.2 ±9.7* LSI Vertical jump significantly associated with not returning to pre-injury sports activity levels at 9 monthsOR 2.2 (1.212-9.227) |
| Muller et al., 2015 | 39 ACLR | Return to pre-injury level of sport |
79% (n=31) | Single hop for distance Crossover hop for distance Triple hop for distance Square hop |
6 months following ACLR |
7 months following ACLR |
Single hop for distance
(LSI %)* RTPf 85.6 ±20.0; No RTPf 61.7 ±20.5 Crossover hop for distance (LSI %)* RTPf 91.9 ±14.3; No RTPf 75.1 ±18.5 Triple hop for distance (LSI %)* RTPf 88.3 ±10.1; No RTPf 72.1 ±13.1 Square hop (LSI %) RTPf 87.5 ±20.4; No RTPf 83.8 ±44.6 AUC (LSI %) RTPf Single hop for distance 0.823 (75.4) Crossover hop for distance 0.762 (77.2) Triple hop for distance 0.839 (90.2) |
| Nawasreh et al., 2018 | 95 ACLR | Return to pre-injury activity level |
12 months following ACLR: 61% (49/80) 24 months following ACLR: 67% (60/80) |
Single hop for distance Crossover hop for distance Triple hop for distance 6-meter timed hop |
6 months following ACLR |
12 months following ACLR |
Single hop for distance OR (95% CI) 12 months 1.07 (1.01-1.14); 24 months 1.15 (1.05-1.26)* Crossover hop for distance OR (95% CI) 12 months 1.06 (0.99-1.15); 24 months 1.12 (1.03-1.21)* Triple hop for distance OR (95% CI) 12 months 1.11 (1.02-1.20); 24 months 1.17 (1.05-1.31)* 6-meter timed hop OR (95% CI) 12 months 1.13 (1.04-1.22); 24 months 1.18 (1.06-1.31)* |
| Webster et al., 2019 | 222 ACLR | Return to pre-injury sports |
61% (n=135) | Single hop for distance
Crossover hop for distance |
12 and 24 months following ACLR | 3 years (range 2-4 years) |
Average LSI (%) single and crossover hop for distance RTPf 98 ±9; No RTPf 95 ±11 OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.00 – 1.06) |
*Significant difference between return to performance or not (p<0.05), ACLR=Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, AUC=Area Under Curve, CI=Confidence Interval, cm=centimeter, IL=Injured Limb, kg=kilogram, LSI=Limb Symmetry Index, NL=Noninjured Limb, NSARS=Noyes Sports Activity Rating Scale, OR=Odds Ratio, ROC=Receiver Operating Curve, RR=Risk Ratio, RTPf=Return to performance.