Fig. 2.

Simplified schematic representation of the protein complexes involved in force sensing and transduction at the intercalated disc. Molecules suggested to act as molecular switches in response to mechanical force are shown in yellow. Vinculin, in pink, is a key protein binding several factors involved in actin filament regulation. Vinculin phosphorylation on Tyr822 at adherens junctions was shown to be increased in epithelial MCF10a cells, but whether a similar modification is found in the heart remains to be elucidated. The TRPV2 channel is responsive to force and ensures the integrity of the intercalated disc. Proteins marked with * are affected in cardiomyopathies