Table 1.
Mechanisms of cardiac repair induced by growth factors IGF-1, neuregulin and PDGF
| Growth factor | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|
| IGF-1 | Anti-apoptosis | 30, 32, 36 |
| Angiogenesis | 33 | |
| Expansion of resident cardiac progenitor cells | 35 | |
| Anti-fibrosis | 36 | |
| Neuregulin | Cardiomyocyte proliferation | 46, 53 |
| Restoration of cardiomyocyte sarcomere alignment | 44, 45 | |
| Maintenance of cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium homeostasis | 47 | |
| PDGF | Anti-apoptosis | 60, 61 |
| Angiogenesis | 56, 57, 68 | |
| Pro-fibrosis | 62, 65–67 | |
| Fibrosis modulation | 68 |
IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor