Table 2.
Randomized controlled trials evaluating IGF-1 and neuregulin for cardiac repair in humans
| Growth factor | Pathology | Intervention | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IGF-1 | Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with LVEF ≤ 40% | Single intracoronary infusion of 1.5 ng or 15 ng rhIGF-1 during PCI |
• Well-tolerated • Dose-dependent modulation of post-MI myocardial remodelling after 8 weeks • Increase in LVEF lacked statistical significance compared to placebo |
37 |
| Neuregulin | Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%; New York Heart Association functional class II or III) | Continuous 10-h intravenous infusion of 0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 μg/kg/day rhNRG-1 for 10 consecutive days |
• Well-tolerated • Significantly increased LVEF after 30 days in 0.6 μg/kg/day group • Beneficial myocardial remodelling maintained after 90 days |
47 |
| Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%; New York Heart Association functional class II or III) | Single 30-min intravenous infusion of 0.007, 0.021, 0.063, 0.19, 0.38, 0.76 or 1.5 mg/kg NRG-1β3 |
• Well-tolerated except for one case of transient hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver transaminases • Dose-dependent improvement in LVEF after 90 days |
49 |
IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; rhIGF-1, recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1; rhNRG-1, recombinant human neuregulin-1; NRG-1β3, neuregulin-1β3; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention