Table 2.

Sucking dynamics at 4, 10, 19, and 24 weeks in an infant with Down syndrome

Infant age	4 weeks	4 weeks	10 weeks	14 weeks	19 weeks	24 weeks	Reference range
Breast	left	right (shield)	right	left	right	left	average
Peak vacuum (mmHg)	− 59 ± 33.5	− 43 ± 29	−38.5 ± 20	−54 ± 35	−58 ± 40	− 133 ± 43	− 145 ± 58 [13]
Baseline vacuum (mmHg)	−6 ± 8	−2 ± 5	0 ± 4	−6.5 ± 11.5	−12 ± 18	−31 ± 30	− 64 ± 45 [13]
NS burst duration (s)	3.3 (0.4, 8)	2.3 (1, 10)	3.8 (0.6, 19)	3.7 (0.5, 17.5)	4.5 (0.7, 20)	6.0 (0.4, 75)	8.9 (4.5, 18.3) [23]
NNS burst duration (s)	2.0 (0.5, 2.7)	2.7 (2, 8)	1.6 (0.6, 7.5)	2.5 (0.5, 10.5)	5.0, (1, 10.5)	2.8 (0.6, 29.5)	4.5 (3.1, 7.1) [23]
NP duration (s)	2.3 (0.6, 35)	3.0 (0.5, 41.2)	1.4 (0.3, 19)	1.0 (0.6, 76.5)	0.9 (0.5, 9.1)	0.7 (0.4, 99.6)	2.9 (1.8, 5.5) [13]
NNP duration (s)	3.5 (1.7, 13)	16 (2.6, 48.7)	2 (0.3, 37.5)	2 (0.7, 128.2)	18 (0.9, 67)	2.3 (0.6, 19.5)	2.7 (1.9, 4.0) [13]
Milk intake (mL)	22	4	42	42	48	125	76 (30–135) [17]
NS rate (sucks/min)	101 ± 22	110 ± 31	87 ± 17	96 ± 27.5	97 ± 22.5	105 ± 22.7	74 ± 17.1 [23]
NNS rate (sucks/min)	85.4 ± 19	112.3 ± 22	93 ± 28.5	105.4 ± 20.3	91.4 ± 13	118 ± 33.2	88.9 ± 23.9 [23]
Feeding efficiency (mL/min)	4.7	1.5	6	6	8	11.5	8.9 ± 4.2 [24]

Sucking dynamics reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (min, max) for peak and baseline vacuums, milk intake, nutritive (NS) and non-nutritive suck (NNS) rate and burst duration, nutritive (NP) and non-nutritive pause (NNP) duration and feeding efficiency at monitored breastfeeds for an infant with Down syndrome at 1–6 months of age