Table 2.
Pathogens detected in ticks according to their species, developmental stage, sex and host in East and Southeast Asia
| Anaplasmataceae | Rickettsia spp. | Apicomplexan protozoans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaplasma platys | Ehrlichia canis | Rickettsia felis | Rickettsia asembonensis | Rickettsia sp. | Babesia vogeli | Hepatozoon canis | |
| China (n = 28) | 1 | ||||||
| C; Haemaphysalis longicornis (1L) | |||||||
| D; Haemaphysalis campanulata (1L) | |||||||
| D; Haemaphysalis longicornis (3L, 1N, 1F, 1M) | |||||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (3L, 7N, 5F, 5M) | 1F | ||||||
| Indonesia (n = 79) | 2 | 1 | |||||
| C; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (2N, 6F, 2M) | 1F | ||||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (2L, 10N, 26F, 30M) | 1F | 1F | |||||
| D; Haemaphysalis wellingtoni (1N) | |||||||
| Malaysia (n = 3) | 2 | 1 | |||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (1F, 2M) | 1F, 1M | 1M | |||||
| The Philippines (n = 90) | 2 | 1 | 12 | ||||
| C; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (6N, 8F, 13M) | 1N, 1F | 1N, 1M | |||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (1L, 6N, 23F, 33M) | 1M | 1N, 2F, 7M | |||||
| Singapore (n = 4) | |||||||
| C; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (1N, 1F, 2M) | |||||||
| Taiwan (n = 25) | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| C; Ixodes sp. (1F)a | |||||||
| D; Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (1F, 2M) | 1F, 1M | ||||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (2N, 9F, 10M) | 1M | 1F | |||||
| Thailand (n = 46) | 3 | 1 | |||||
| D; Haemaphysalis hystricis (1F) | |||||||
| D; Haemaphysalis wellingtoni (1L) | |||||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (2L, 3N, 20F, 9M) | 1F, 2M | 1F | |||||
| Vietnam (n = 117) | 3 | 6 | |||||
| D; Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (18N, 48F, 51M) | 2F, 1M | 5F, 1M | |||||
| Total | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 21 |
Abbreviations: C, cat; D, dog; L, larva; N, nymph; M, adult male; F, adult female
aThis female tick was reported as “Ixodes sp.” in [10]. Following reassessment of photomicrography images of this tick by one of the co-authors (F.D.-T.) the following morphological features were observed: auriculae and cornua present; porose area small, not contiguous, hypostome with a 2/2 dental formula on almost the entire hypostome; coxa I with slight internal spur, coxae III and IV each with external spur; syncoxae present on coxae I and II; trochanters lacking spurs. As such, this female shares several morphological features with Ixodes ovatus [46], but genetic data from a partial 16S rDNA sequence (percent identity: 90.7% with U95900) suggest that this may belong to a distinct species