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. 2020 Aug 15;17:242. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01911-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — a-d Representative photomicrographs of TH (tyrosine hydroxylase—marker for dopamine neurons) staining in the substantia nigra (SN) region. a T cell deficient (nude) rats injected with AAV9-GFP (n = 10), b T cell deficient rats injected with AA9-human α-synuclein (αsyn) (n = 10), c T cell competent (heterozygous nude) rats injected with AAV9-GFP (n = 10), d T cell competent rats injected with AAV9-human α-synuclein (n = 10). e Bar graph shows the percentage area of positive cells in SNpc stained with TH by comparing the injected ipsilateral to the untreated contralateral side. A significant difference (two-way ANOVA p < 0.05; treatment: F (1, 32) = 23.12, p < 0.01; genetic background: F (1, 32) = 6.199, p < 0.05; post hoc analysis: Tukey’s multiple comparison test) of percentage positive cells was observed between the heterozygous nude rats injected with αsyn when compared to GFP injected controls. No significant difference was observed between the nude rats injected with αsyn compared to GFP. f Bar graph shows the percentage area of positive cells in SNpc stained with NeuN by comparing the injected ipsilateral to the untreated contralateral side for nude (n = 5) and heterozygous nude rats (n = 5) injected with α-syn. A significant difference (unpaired t test; p = 0.0026) in the percentage of NeuN+ cells was observed between the two groups. g Bar graph shows the percentage area of positive cells in SNpc stained with TH by comparing the injected ipsilateral to the untreated contralateral side for Fisher 344 (n = 10), heterozygous nude (n = 10), and nude rats (n = 10) injected with α-syn. A significant difference (one-way ANOVA p < 0.05; F (2, 24) = 10.02; post hoc analysis: Tukey’s multiple comparison test) in the percentage of TH+ cells was observed between groups. The bars in the graph represent mean ± standard error of the mean