Fig. 7.

a Bar graph showing the concentration of TNF-α (pg/ml) secreted in the media isolated from the primary microglia cultures from nude (n = 2; experimental replicates: n = 3) and heterozygous nude rats (n = 2; experimental replicates: n = 3) incubated with LPS (1 ng/ml) for 3 h. Primary microglia isolated from both nude rats and heterozygous nude rats responded to LPS by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α into the media. b-e Bar graphs represent the fold change of the TNF, IL1β, IL6, and MHCII RNA expression in the primary microglial cells (nude and heterozygous nude rats) when treated with LPS (1 ng/ml) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml). Both primary microglial cultures showed increased RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (Two-way ANNOVA, p < 0.01; post hoc analysis: Tukey’s multiple comparison) when treated with LPS and TNF-α indicating that primary microglia is activated in both nude and heterozygous nude rats in a similar manner to various stimuli when compared to untreated controls. The bars in the graph represent mean ± standard error of the mean