Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of AAV patients at diagnosis
| Variables | All AAV patients (N = 167) |
AAV patients with AIP < 0.11 (N = 115) |
AAV patients with AIP ≥ 0.11 (N = 52) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 59.0 (22.0) | 60.0 (24.0) | 56.0 (19.8)a | 0.369 |
| Male gender (N, (%)) | 54 (32.3) | 34 (29.6) | 20 (38.5) | 0.255 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 (4.5)a | 22.0 (4.8)a | 23.2 (4.3)a | 0.324 |
| Smoking history (N, (%)) | 6 (3.6) | 3 (2.6) | 3 (5.8) | 0.310 |
| AAV Subtypes (N, (%)) | 0.641 | |||
| MPA | 92 (55.1) | 64 (55.7) | 28 (53.8) | |
| GPA | 38 (22.8) | 24 (20.9) | 14 (26.9) | |
| EGPA | 37 (22.2) | 27 (23.5) | 10 (19.2) | |
| ANCA positivity (N, (%)) | ||||
| MPO-ANCA (or P-ANCA) positivity | 114 (68.3) | 79 (68.7) | 35 (67.3) | 0.858 |
| PR3-ANCA (or C-ANCA) positivity | 27 (16.2) | 16 (13.9) | 11 (21.2) | 0.239 |
| Both ANCA positivity | 8 (4.8) | 6 (5.2) | 2 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| ANCA negativity | 34 (20.4) | 26 (22.6) | 8 (15.4) | 0.283 |
| AAV-specific indices | ||||
| BVAS | 12.0 (11.0)a | 12.0 (11.0)a | 14.0 (10.0)a | 0.041 |
| FFS | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.656 |
| Clinical manifestations (N, (%)) | ||||
| General | 75 (44.9) | 48 (41.7) | 27 (51.9) | 0.221 |
| Cutaneous | 38 (22.8) | 29 (25.2) | 9 (17.3) | 0.259 |
| Muco-membranous /Ocular | 10 (6.0) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (9.6) | 0.184 |
| Ear nose throat | 75 (44.9) | 51 (44.3) | 24 (46.2) | 0.828 |
| Pulmonary | 97 (58.1) | 69 (60.0) | 28 (53.8) | 0.455 |
| Cardiovascular | 43 (25.7) | 27 (23.5) | 16 (30.8) | 0.318 |
| Gastrointestinal | 9 (5.4) | 7 (6.1) | 2 (3.8) | 0.553 |
| Renal | 104 (62.3) | 69 (60.0) | 35 (67.3) | 0.367 |
| Nervous | 56 (33.5) | 38 (33.0) | 18 (34.6) | 0.842 |
| Comorbidities (N, (%)) | ||||
| Chronic kidney disease (stage 3–5) | 53 (31.7) | 33 (28.7) | 20 (38.5) | 0.209 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (30.5) | 35 (30.4) | 16 (30.8) | 0.965 |
| Hypertension | 89 (53.3) | 57 (49.6) | 32 (61.5) | 0.151 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 50 (29.9) | 36 (31.3) | 14 (26.9) | 0.567 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| White blood cell count (/mm3) | 9210.0 (6347.5) | 9180.0 (6430.0) | 10,230.0 (6000.0) | 0.927 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.3 (2.3)a | 11.4 (2.3)a | 11.0 (2.5)a | 0.235 |
| Platelet count (× 1000/mm3) | 308.0 (166.0) | 311.0 (158.5) | 294.0 (195.0) | 0.949 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104.0 (36.0) | 103.0 (34.0) | 106.0 (38.0) | 0.466 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 18.4 (22.4) | 18.0 (23.0) | 24.2 (21.6) | 0.078 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.0) | 1.3 (2.0) | 0.105 |
| Total serum protein (g/dL) | 6.6 (1.3) | 6.7 (1.1) | 6.4 (1.0)a | 0.043 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 (0.8)a | 3.5 (0.7)a | 3.3 (0.8)a | 0.068 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 72.0 (38.0) | 69.0 (36.0) | 77.0 (51.0) | 0.339 |
| AST (IU/L) | 18.5 (9.0) | 19.0 (8.0) | 17.0 (10.0) | 0.121 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 16.5 (14.8) | 15.0 (13.5) | 19.0 (18.0) | 0.985 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.620 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 64.0 (69.3) | 64.0 (67.0) | 66.8 (39.6)a | 0.406 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 17.0 (85.8) | 15.0 (69.3) | 25.0 (119.3) | 0.123 |
| AIP-related variables | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178.0 (58.0) | 182.1 (45.8)a | 187.0 (58.1)a | 0.561 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 113.0 (73.0) | 97.5 (35.5)a | 174.5 (67.8) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.0 (23.0) | 55.0 (25.0) | 41.4 (14.6)a | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 104.6 (41.6) | 106.0 (33.1)a | 102.2 (45.1) | 0.917 |
| AIP | −0.01 (0.2)a | − 0.1 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.1)a | < 0.001 |
Values are expressed as a median (interquartile range) or N (%)
AAV ANCA-associated vasculitis, ANCA Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, AIP Atherogenic index of plasma, MPA Microscopic polyangiitis, GPA Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, EGPA Eosinophilic GPA, MPO Myeloperoxidase, P Perinuclear, PR3 Proteinase 3, C Cytoplasmic, BVAS Birmingham vasculitis activity score, FFS Five-factor score, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, TG Triglyceride, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein
a Normally distributed data are expressed as mean (standard deviation)