Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Aug 14;11(8):630. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02866-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a Representative images of the cells stained with JC-1 under fluorescence microscope showed that silibinin treatment resulted in obvious reduction of red fluorescence in U87 and U251 cells. b Flow cytometry analysis combined with JC-1 staining confirmed that silibinin induced time-dependent dissipation of mitochondria membrane potentials. c Representative images of the cells stained with Mitosox red under fluorescence microscope showed that the red fluorescence exhibited by Mitosox red was apparently stronger in silibinin-treated cells than that in control group. d Statistical analysis of the red fluorescence intensity exhibited by Mitosox red proved that silibinin triggered mitochondrial accumulation of superoxide in a time-dependent manner. e Western blotting analysis revealed that silibinin induced AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei in a time-dependent manner. f Representative images acquired by confocal microscopy combined with immunochemical staining showed that silibinin induced accumulation of AIF in the nucleus of U87 cell. g Silibinin-induced accumulation of AIF in nuclear fraction was decreased in the cells transfected with AIF SiRNA. h LDH release assay proved that knockdown of AIF prevented silibinin-induced glioma cell death. i Statistical analysis of the red fluorescence intensity exhibited by Mitosox red showed that silibinin-induced mitochondrial accumulation of superoxide was significantly inhibited in the presence of 3MA or bafilomycin A1. j Western blotting proved that knockdown of ATG5 with SiRNA prevented silibinin-induced AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei. k Western blotting revealed that silibinin-induced nuclear translocation of AIF was suppressed when ATG5 was knocked down with SiRNA. l Knockdown of ATG5 with SiRNA abrogated the improvement of mitochondrial superoxide induced by silibinin.