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. 2020 Aug 14;11(8):630. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02866-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Cysteine assay showed that silibinin induced time-dependent depletion of cysteine. b, c Western blotting analysis proved that silibinin downregulated xCT, but upregulated p53 and phospho-p53 in a time-dependent manner. These were all prevented in the presence of 3MA or bafilomycin A1. d Cysteine assay demonstrated that silibinin-induced depletion of cysteine was prevented in the presence of 3MA or bafilomycin A1. e Western blotting demonstrated that knockdown of ATG5 with SiRNA prevented silibinin-induced downregulation of CT and upregulation of p53 and phospho-p53. f Cysteine assay proved that silibinin-induced depletion of cysteine was inhibited when ATG5 was knocked down with SiRNA. ^#p < 0.05 versus control group; *p < 0.01 versus control group. The values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group).