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. 2020 Aug 15;11(8):637. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02896-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — LncRNA TTN-AS1 serves as a ceRNA to sponge miR-320a through complementary binding sites in an Ago2-dependent manner in CCA cells. On the other hand, miR-320a downregulates the expression of NRP-1 by binding to its 3′-UTR. An NRP-1 protein molecule is composed of five extracellular domains (a1, a2, b1, b2, and c), one transmembrane domain and a short cytosolic tail, and acts as a co-receptor for ligands (HGF and TGF-β) to stimulate the activation of respective c-Met and TGF-β signaling pathways. “→” indicates promotion, positive regulation, or activation; “⊥” indicates inhibition, negative regulation, or blockade. “p” indicates phosphorylation of proteins. Ago2 argonaute2, CCA cholangiocarcinoma, CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, NRP-1 neuropilin-1, ORF open reading frame, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, TGF-βR TGF-β receptor, UTR untranslated region.