Table 4.
Average direct effect and causal mediation effect (mediated through B-cell activation markers) of known risk factors on B-cell lymphoma subtypes.
| Average causal mediation effect | ρ | Average direct effect * | Total effect | Proportion mediated ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sCD23, CLL, n = 737 | |||||
| BMI | 0.04 (− 0.006 to 0.09) | 0.4 | 0.05 (− 0.03 to 0.12) | 0.09 (− 0.01 to 0.18)† | 0.44 |
| Alcohol | − 0.05 (− 0.10 to 0.003)† | 0.4 | 0.01 (− 0.07 to 0.09) | − 0.04 (− 0.14 to 0.06) | 0.80 |
| sCD23, DLBCL, n = 698 | |||||
| BMI | 0.02 (0.002 to 0.04) | 0.3 | − 0.07 (− 0.14 to 0.02) | − 0.05 (− 0.12 to 0.04) | − 0.26 |
| CXCL13, FL, n = 648 | |||||
| Physical activity | − 0.01 (− 0.03 to 0.001)† | 0.3 | 0.002 (− 0.07 to 0.08) | − 0.01 (− 0.08 to 0.06) | 0.23 |
| CXCL13, DLBCL, n = 693 | |||||
| BMI | 0.02 (0.0005 to 0.05) | 0.4 | − 0.07 (− 0.15 to 0.02) | − 0.05 (− 0.12 to 0.04) | − 0.34 |
| Physical activity | − 0.02 (− 0.05 to − 0.003) | 0.3 | 0.01 (− 0.07 to 0.09) | − 0.01 (− 0.09 to 0.07) | 0.41 |
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); Cases and control have been analyzed together; Correlation parameter (ρ) for mediated effect at which the sign of average causal mediation effect (ACME) is reversed; Effect estimates are the change in probability for moving the exposure variable from the reference category to the exposure category: alcohol intake: non-drinker (0) versus drinker (1), activity: first 3 categories (0) versus active(1), and BMI: < 30 (0) versus ≥ 30 (1); * “average direct effect” shows the estimate for unmediated effect which is the effect from any other path except the mediated one; † significant at p = 0.065; ‡ Shows the percentage of total effect mediated by the immune marker, it can be negative or greater than 100 depend on direct and mediated effect magnitudes and directions. Bold: statistically significant at p-value ≤ 0.05.