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. 2020 Aug 14;10:13836. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70054-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Total water requirements (L) without (left panel) and with (right panel) countermeasure exercise during exploration missions of 30-, 90-, 180-, 360-, 720- and 1,080-d for a four-person crew based on theoretical male astronaut populations with statures of 1.50-m (broken grey line, filled circles), 1.60-m (solid grey line, open circles), 1.70-m (broken black line, filled circles), 1.80-m (solid black line, open circles) and 1.90-m (solid black line, filled circles).