Table 2.

Comparisons of inhaled dose between VMN and jet nebulizer via HFNC

Publication	Study type	Population	Flow (L/min)	Inhaled dose (%)
				JN	VMN
Réminiac et al., 2017 [38]	In vivo	Infant	8	0.03 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.04
	In vitro			0.46 ± 0.12	0.52 ± 0.23
Ari, 2019 [33]	In vitro	Infant	6	1.45 ± 0.10	2.35 ± 0.30
		Pediatric	6	2.46 ± 0.10	5.37 ± 0.70
Madney et al., 2019 [11]	In vivo	Adult	5	7.90 ± 3.10	12.20 ± 4.40
Dugernier et al., 2017 [41]	In vivo	Adult	30	1.0 (0.70–2.0)	3.60 (2.10–4.40)

VMN vibrating mesh nebulizer, JN jet nebulizer, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula