Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Substantiation Sample
| Total sample Mean(SD) or N=4,110,519 | White (45.26 of total) Mean(SD) or N=1,996,589 | Black (22.49 of total) Mean(SD) or N=924,329 | American Indian (1.05 of total) Mean(SD) or N=43,208 | Asian (0.92 of total) Mean(SD) or N=37,688 | Hawaiian/PI (0.17 of total) Mean(SD) or N=6,981 | Multi-racial (4.12 of total) Mean(SD) or N=169,309 | Hispanic (22.68 of total) Mean(SD) or N=923,415 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substantiated | 21.79 | 20.27 | 22.03 | 23.09 | 21.08 | 23.76 | 23.13 | 24.50 |
| Individual controls | ||||||||
| Male child (%) | 50.01 | 50.15 | 50.17 | 49.04 | 50.90 | 50.82 | 50.16 | 49.52 |
| Child age | 8.03 (5.05) | 8.09(5.05) | 8.05(5.14) | 7.33(5.02) | 8.97(5.01) | 8.24(4.99) | 7.13(4.89) | 8.01(4.99) |
| Prior victim (%) | 25.02 | 26.68 | 25.08 | 25.22 | 10.79 | 16.96 | 31.65 | 20.80 |
| No maltreatment allegations (%) | 8.86 | 6.70 | 10.88 | 5.58 | 11.4 | 13.85 | 6.63 | 11.87 |
| Neglect (%) | 51.11 | 53.05 | 50.46 | 63.88 | 41.49 | 41.10 | 54.38 | 46.89 |
| Physical abuse (%) | 12.19 | 11.81 | 13.56 | 9.37 | 17.48 | 16.86 | 12.42 | 11.48 |
| Sexual abuse (%) | 4.44 | 4.91 | 3.56 | 2.87 | 3.50 | 3.70 | 3.56 | 4.60 |
| Emotional abuse (%) | 2.55 | 2.23 | 1.71 | 3.06 | 5.54 | 5.04 | 2.62 | 3.89 |
| Multiple maltreatment types (%) | 15.59 | 14.75 | 13.90 | 13.80 | 17.74 | 13.15 | 17.39 | 18.75 |
| Other maltreatment type (%) | 5.26 | 6.55 | 5.93 | 1.44 | 2.85 | 6.30 | 3.00 | 2.52 |
| Reporter: social services (%) | 7.25 | 6.97 | 8.51 | 8.78 | 6.43 | 6.44 | 8.86 | 6.23 |
| Reporter: medical/mental health (%) | 12.22 | 11.50 | 11.43 | 11.72 | 15.59 | 13.11 | 12.06 | 14.48 |
| Reporter: law (%) | 16.77 | 16.17 | 16.97 | 20.89 | 17.53 | 19.78 | 16.80 | 17.60 |
| Reporter: education/child care (%) | 16.87 | 15.48 | 16.49 | 14.56 | 31.13 | 26.57 | 14.18 | 20.17 |
| Reporter: foster parent (%) | 3.11 | 3.13 | 3.45 | 4.35 | 2.10 | 3.01 | 3.73 | 2.61 |
| Reporter: other voluntary reporter (%) | 19.33 | 22.42 | 17.25 | 16.01 | 7.97 | 11.95 | 21.28 | 15.08 |
| Reporter: anonymous (%) | 9.25 | 9.54 | 9.36 | 5.45 | 4.11 | 5.26 | 8.73 | 9.05 |
| Reporter: unknown (%) | 15.20 | 14.79 | 16.54 | 18.24 | 15.14 | 13.88 | 14.36 | 14.78 |
| County variables | ||||||||
| Percent single-headed households | 0.35(.08) | 0.34(.07) | 0.39(.08) | 0.37(.08) | 0.33(.07) | 0.32(.06) | 0.35(.06) | 0.35(.07) |
| >20 children in poverty (%) | 5.25 | 3.09 | 6.40 | 14.42 | 3.11 | 1.20 | 2.36 | 8.91 |
| Percent Black | 0.12(.12) | 0.09(.10) | 0.21(.14) | 0.05(.08) | 0.11(.09) | 0.08(.09) | 0.10(.10) | 0.10(.09) |
| Percent American Indian | 0.01(.03) | 0.01(.02) | 0.01(.02) | 0.11(.18) | 0.01(.01) | 0.01(.02) | 0.01(.04) | 0.01(.02) |
| Percent Hispanic | 0.17(.18) | 0.11(.12) | 0.16(.15) | 0.12(.13) | 0.25(.16) | 0.20(.15) | 0.12(.13) | 0.34(.20) |
| Juv. arrests/1000 children | 10.98 (8.75) | 10.16(8.51) | 10.70(8.72) | 15.07(10.67) | 11.88(8.08) | 13.09(8.35) | 10.73(7.92) | 12.80(9.06) |
Note: County variables are standardized. SD= Standard deviation