Table 1.
Experimental design and locations of reviewed studies that reported the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in dairy products in Ethiopia.a
| Reference | Region | Town | Dates | Place of sampling | Study design | Sample size calculation | Detection method | Confirmation method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addis et al. (2011) | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa | Feb 2010 to May 2010 | Collected from dairy farms | Not stated | Sample size determined based on P = 7.1%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in Selenite cysteine and RV broths, isolation in XLD | Biochemical tests: TSI, Urea agar, LIA, VP, methyl red and indole test |
| Tadesse and Dabassa (2012) | Oromia | Kersa, Jimma Zone | Dec 2010 to Jun 2011 | Collected from farmers and milk collection centres | Random sampling | Not stated | Enrichment in RV soy peptone, isolation on BGA and XLD agar | Biochemical tests: LIA, TSI, Urea agar, Simmons citrate agar and SIM. Agglutination tests |
| Abate et al. (2013) | Oromia | Sebeta | Not stated | Collected form household lactating healthy exotic cows | Not stated | Not stated | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: indole, methyl red, VP, lysine decarboxylation, hydrolysis and production of hydrogen sulphide |
| Tesfaw et al. (2013) | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa | Not stated | Purchased at supermarkets | Cross-sectional | Random sampling. Sample size determined based on P = 50%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: ISO 6579:2002 |
| Tesfay et al. (2013) | Dire Dawa | Dire Dawa | Not stated | Collected from bulk milk containers and milk vendors | Not stated | Not stated | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in Selenite cysteine broth, isolation in XLD | Not performed |
| Adugna et al. (2013) | Somali and Dire Dawa | Erer and Dire Dawa | Not stated | Collected from producers' households and markets | Not stated | Not stated | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in selenite cysteine broth and isolation in XLD | Not performed |
| Abera et al. (2016) | Somali | Bebile and Gursum districts | Not stated | Collected from camel herds in the area from the udders, milking buckets and the market | Cross-sectional | Not stated | Coliform count plates in VRBA plates and isolation on SS plates | TSI |
| Ejo et al. (2016) | Amhara | Gondar | Feb 2014 to Dec 2015 | Purchased from restaurants, hotels, cafeterias, pastry and retail shops | Cross-sectional | Random sampling | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: TSI, urea agar, LIA, VP, methyl red, Simmons citrate and indole test |
| Mossie and Dires (2016) | Oromia | Debre Zeit | Dec 2013 to Apr 2014 | Collected from bulk tank milk from household/small holders, supermarket and large dairies | Cross-sectional | Sample size determined based on P = 2.1%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: indole, methyl red, VP, urea broth, LIA and TSI |
| Reta et al. (2016) | Somali | Jigjiga | Mar 2013 to Jan 2014 | Collected from individual farmers, milk collectors and milk vendors | Cross-sectional | Not stated | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in Selenite cysteine broth, isolation in XLD | Biochemical tests: LIA, TSI, urea agar, VP broth, methyl red and indole test |
| Abunna et al. (2017) | Oromia | Modjo | Jan 2016 to Apr 2016 | Collected at dairy farms from the udders of cows and the bulk tank | Cross-sectional | Random sampling. Sample size determined based on P = 28.6%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: indole, methyl red, VP, urea broth and TSI |
| Mulaw & Town (2017) | Amhara | Bahir Dar | Nov 2012 to Jun 2013 | Collected at dairy farms | Cross-sectional | Sample size determined based on P = 50%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in Selenite cysteine broth, isolation in XLD | Biochemical tests:: Kliger iron agar, urea agar, SIM, lysine deoxycholate agar and Simmons citrate agar |
| Abunna et al. (2018b) | Oromia | Meki | Jan 2016–Apr 2016 | Collected at dairy farms from the udders of cows and the milking bucket | Cross-sectional | Random sampling. Sample size determined based on P = 10.7%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: ISO 6579:2002 |
| Abunna et al. (2018a) | Oromia | Adama | Feb 2014 to Apr 2014 | Collected at dairy farms from the bulk tank | Cross-sectional | Not stated | ISO-6579:2002 | Biochemical tests: ISO 6579:2002 |
| Banti (2018) | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa | Jan 2017 to May 2017 | Collected at dairy farms from the udders of cows | Cross-sectional | Random sampling. Sample size determined based on P = 7.1%, d = 5%, confidence = 95% | Pre-enrichment in peptone water, enrichment in Selenite cysteine and RV broths, isolation in SS agar and XLD | Biochemical tests: TSI, urea agar, indole, methyl red, VP broth and citrate test |
a
Abbreviations: d, precision; P, prevalence; BGA, brilliant green agar; LIA, lysine indole agar; RV, Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth; SIM, sulphide indole motility medium; SS, Salmonella-Shigella agar; TSI, triple sugar iron; TT, tetrathionate broth; VP, Voger Proskauer medium; VRBA, violet red bile agar; XLD, xylose lysine deoxycholate agar.