Table 1.
Prevalence of non-infectious comorbidity before multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis compared with MS-free matched individuals in a national, register-based cohort study in Sweden 2008–2016.
| MS patientsN = 6602 |
Matched MS-free individuals N = 61,828 |
pa,b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular comorbidity | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 31 (0.5%) | 362 (0.6%) | 0.1866 |
| Stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic | 133 (2.0%) | 370 (0.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | 26 (0.4%) | 148 (0.2%) | 0.0247 |
| Angina pectoris & unspecified ischemic heart disease | 54 (0.8%) | 604 (1.0%) | 0.1507 |
| Heart failure | 19 (0.3%) | 249 (0.4%) | 0.1263 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 99 (1.5%) | 676 (1.1%) | 0.0064 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 21 (0.3%) | 116 (0.2%) | 0.0320 |
| Pericardial disease | n < 10 | 112 (0.2%) | 0.3695 |
| Bradycardia and heart block | n < 10 | 79 (0.1%) | 0.0592 |
| Paroxysmal tachycardia | 29 (0.4%) | 299 (0.5%) | 0.5316 |
| Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter | 48 (0.7%) | 519 (0.9%) | 0.2604 |
| Other cardiac arrhythmias | 37 (0.6%) | 470 (0.8%) | 0.0513 |
| Non-cardiovascular comorbidity | |||
| Autoimmune disease | 84 (1.3%) | 430 (0.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Bladder dysfunction, neuromuscular | 79 (1.2%) | 142 (0.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Optic neuritis | 976 (14.8%) | 28 (0.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic renal disease | 10 (0.2%) | 132 (0.2%) | 0.2582 |
| Diabetes type I | 79 (1.2%) | 645 (1.1%) | 0.3444 |
| Diabetes type II | 92 (1.4%) | 938 (1.6%) | 0.3095 |
| Dyslipidemia | 112 (1.7%) | 840 (1.4%) | 0.0483 |
| Retinal disorders | 161 (2.4%) | 697 (1.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Asthma | 212 (3.2%) | 1838 (3.0%) | 0.4665 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 26 (0.4%) | 262 (0.4%) | 0.6314 |
| Bowel dysfunction | 235 (3.6%) | 1702 (2.8%) | 0.0007 |
| Crohn disease | 34 (0.5%) | 294 (0.5%) | 0.7624 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 41 (0.6%) | 436 (0.7%) | 0.3492 |
| Cancer | 192 (2.9%) | 2026 (3.4%) | 0.0515 |
| Breast cancer | 46 (0.7%) | 489 (0.8%) | 0.3223 |
| Prostate cancer | n < 10 | 130 (0.2%) | 0.0615 |
| Skin cancer | 68 (1.0%) | 621 (1.0%) | 0.9999 |
| Demyelinating disease other than MS | 1418 (21.5%) | 13 (0.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Epilepsy and seizure | 96 (1.5%) | 512 (0.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Depression | 431 (6.5%) | 3250 (5.4%) | 0.0001 |
| Anxiety | 351 (5.3%) | 2750 (4.6%) | 0.0056 |
| Fatigue | n < 10 | 73 (0.1%) | 0.7368 |
| Schizophrenia | 60 (0.9%) | 553 (0.9%) | 0.9460 |
| Bipolar affective disorders | 64 (1.0%) | 455 (0.8%) | 0.0590 |
| Fracture | 834 (12.6%) | 6849 (11.4%) | 0.0021 |
| Osteoporosis | 34 (0.5%) | 210 (0.3%) | 0.0329 |
| Viral liver disease (viral hepatitis) | 16 (0.2%) | 441 (0.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | n < 10 | 29 (0.0%) | 0.5234 |
| Chronic liver disease/cirrhosis | n < 10 | 65 (0.1%) | 0.7548 |
| Acute liver disease or failure | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (0.0%) | 0.2724 |
| Toxic liver disease | n < 10 | 26 (0.0%) | 0.9315 |
| Liver diseases without viral or alcoholic cause | 13 (0.2%) | 150 (0.2%) | 0.4170 |
ap-value for chi-squared test of difference in proportions between MS patients and matched MS-free individuals.
bIn the analysis of small numbers (n < 30), Fishers exact test was used.Note. Significant results (p<0.05) in bold numerals.