Table 2.
The risk of incident non-infectious comorbidity after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with MS-free matched individuals in a national, register-based cohort study in Sweden 2008–2016.
|
MS patientsN = 6602 |
MS-free individualsN = 61,828 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events | IR (95% CI)a | Events | IR (95% CI)a | IRR (95% CI)a | |
| Cardiovascular comorbidity | |||||
| MACE | 75 | 24.12 (18.66–29.57) | 501 | 16.93 (15.45–18.41) | 1.42 (1.12–1.82) |
| Myocardial infarction | 35 | 10.99 (7.35–14.63) | 252 | 8.45 (7.41–9.49) | 1.30 (0.91–1.85) |
| Stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic | 42 | 13.40 (9.35–17.46) | 274 | 9.19 (8.10–10.28) | 1.46 (1.05–2.02) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 26 | 8.15 (5.33–11.95) | 148 | 4.94 (4.15–5.74) | 1.65 (1.09–2.50) |
| Angina pectoris & unspecified ischemic heart disease | 24 | 7.56 (4.85–11.25) | 263 | 8.86 (7.79–9.93) | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) |
| Heart failure | 49 | 15.37 (11.06–19.67) | 296 | 9.91 (8.78–11.04) | 1.55 (1.15–2.10) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 93 | 29.22 (23.28–35.16) | 615 | 20.57 (18.95–22.20) | 1.42 (1.14–1.77) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 13 | 4.07 (2.17–6.96) | 90 | 3.00 (2.38–3.62) | 1.36 (0.76–2.42) |
| Pericardial disease | 12 | 3.75 (1.94–6.55) | 62 | 2.07 (1.55–2.58) | 1.81 (0.98–3.36) |
| Bradycardia and heart block | 13 | 4.06 (2.16–6.94) | 76 | 2.53 (1.96–3.10) | 1.60 (0.89–2.89) |
| Paroxysmal tachycardia | 19 | 5.95 (3.58–9.29) | 165 | 5.52 (4.68–6.36) | 1.08 (0.67–1.73) |
| Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter | 41 | 12.90 (8.95–16.85) | 466 | 15.69 (14.27–17.12) | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) |
| Other arrhythmias | 37 | 11.63 (7.88–15.37) | 309 | 10.38 (9.23–11.54) | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) |
| Non-cardiovascular comorbidity | |||||
| Autoimmune disease | 94 | 29.95 (23.90–36.01) | 233 | 7.82 (6.82–8.82) | 3.83 (3.01–4.87) |
| Bladder dysfunction, neuromuscular | 334 | 109.14 (97.43–120.84) | 57 | 1.90 (1.41–2.39) | 57.41 (43.35–76.02) |
| Optic neuritis | 279 | 105.98 (93.54–118.42) | 12 | 0.40 (0.21–0.70) | 265.35 (148.89–472.91) |
| Chronic renal disease | 17 | 5.31 (3.09–8.50) | 171 | 5.71 (4.85–6.56) | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) |
| Diabetes, type I | 15 | 4.74 (2.65–7.81) | 141 | 4.75 (3.96–5.53) | 1.00 (0.59–1.70) |
| Diabetes, type II | 69 | 21.95 (16.77–27.13) | 654 | 22.22 (20.51–23.92) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) |
| Dyslipidemia | 67 | 21.34 (16.23–26.45) | 701 | 23.80 (22.04–25.56) | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) |
| Retinal disorders | 112 | 36.17 (29.47–42.87) | 606 | 20.50 (18.87–22.13) | 1.76 (1.44–2.16) |
| Asthma | 93 | 30.03 (23.92–36.13) | 674 | 23.19 (21.44–24.95) | 1.29 (1.04–1.61) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 38 | 11.92 (8.13–15.71) | 290 | 9.71 (8.59–10.83) | 1.23 (0.88–1.72) |
| Bowel dysfunction | 217 | 71.40 (61.90–80.89) | 960 | 33.05 (30.96–35.14) | 2.16 (1.86–2.50) |
| Crohn disease | 11 | 3.45 (1.72–6.17) | 84 | 2.81 (2.21–3.41) | 1.23 (0.65–2.30) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 21 | 6.60 (4.08–10.08) | 147 | 4.93 (4.13–5.73) | 1.34 (0.85–2.11) |
| Cancer | 180 | 58.50 (49.95–67.04) | 1657 | 57.72 (54.94–60.50) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) |
| Breast cancer | 28 | 8.80 (5.85–12.72) | 342 | 11.51 (10.29–12.73) | 0.77 (0.52–1.12) |
| Prostate cancer | 15 | 4.69 (2.62–7.73) | 156 | 5.21 (4.39–6.02) | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) |
| Skin cancer | 78 | 24.67 (19.20–30.15) | 586 | 19.78 (18.18–21.38) | 1.25 (0.98–1.58) |
| Demyelinating disease other than MS | 197 | 80.59 (69.33–91.84) | n < 10 | 0.27 (0.11–0.52) | 302.74 (149.30–613.86) |
| Epilepsy and seizure | 40 | 12.67 (8.75–16.60) | 161 | 5.40 (4.57–6.24) | 2.34 (1.66–3.31) |
| Depression | 325 | 111.56 (99.43–123.69) | 1326 | 46.94 (44.42–49.47) | 2.38 (2.11–2.68) |
| Anxiety | 193 | 64.30 (55.23–73.37) | 1470 | 51.66 (49.02–54.30) | 1.24 (1.07–1.45) |
| Fatigue | n < 10 | 0.31 (0.01–1.74) | 18 | 0.60 (0.36–0.95) | 0.52 (0.07–3.90) |
| Schizophrenia | 17 | 5.35 (3.12–8.57) | 142 | 4.77 (3.99–5.56) | 1.12 (0.68–1.85) |
| Bipolar affective disorders | 37 | 11.67 (7.91–15.44) | 273 | 9.16 (8.08–10.25) | 1.27 (0.90–1.80) |
| Fracture | 390 | 143.12 (128.92–157.33) | 2846 | 108.40 (104.42–112.38) | 1.32 (1.19–1.47) |
| Osteoporosis | 34 | 10.68 (7.09–14.27) | 181 | 6.05 (5.17–6.93) | 1.77 (1.22–2.55) |
| Viral liver disease (viral hepatitis) | 12 | 3.75 (1.94–6.56) | 110 | 3.69 (3.00–4.38) | 1.02 (0.56–1.85) |
| Alcoholic liver disease | n < 10 | 0.94 (0.19–2.73) | 50 | 1.66 (1.20–2.13) | 0.56 (0.18–1.80) |
| Chronic liver disease/cirrhosis | n < 10 | 0.62 (0.08–2.25) | 45 | 1.50 (1.06–1.94) | 0.42 (0.10–1.72) |
| Acute liver disease or failure | n < 10 | 0.94 (0.19–2.73) | 35 | 1.16 (0.78–1.55) | 0.80 (0.25–2.61) |
| Toxic liver disease | n < 10 | 1.56 (0.51–3.64) | 15 | 0.50 (0.28–0.82) | 3.12 (1.14–8.59) |
| Liver diseases without viral or alcoholic cause | 15 | 4.69 (2.62–7.74) | 99 | 3.30 (2.65–3.95) | 1.42 (0.82–2.44) |
aPer 10,000 person-years. Crude IR and IRR.
CI: confidence interval; IR: incidence rate; IRR: incidence rate ratio; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; N/A: not applicable.Note. Significant results (p<0.05) in bold numerals.