Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without CMIs.
| CMI absent (N = 131) | CMI Present (N = 50) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 71.5 (9.3) | 72.6 (8.8) | .464 |
| No. (%) males | 61 (47) | 31 (62) | .063 |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) Chinese | 107 (82) | 37 (74) | .251 |
| Education, median (IQR) (4 levels) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | .357 |
| Vascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 92 (70) | 43 (86) | .029 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, no. (%) | 82 (63) | 44 (88) | .001 |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 46 (35) | 25 (50) | .067 |
| Current smoking, no. (%) | 11 (8) | 7 (14) | .260 |
| Obesity (4 missing), no. (%) | 4 (3) | 5 (10) | .062 |
| History of stroke, no. (%) | 44 (34) | 25 (50) | .042 |
| Cardiac disease, no. (%) | 19 (15) | 20 (40) | <.001 |
| Cognitive performance | |||
| CDR median (IQR) | 0.5 (0–1) | 0.75 (0.5–1) | .238 |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 22.1 (5.8) | 20.6 (5.8) | .129 |
| Clinical diagnosis, no. (%) | |||
| NCI | 25 (19) | 4 (8) | .135 |
| CIND | 56 (43) | 21 (42) | |
| Dementia | 50 (38) | 25 (50) | |
| Neuro-imaging markers | |||
| Total brain volume, mean (SD), % of TIV | 64.8 (5.7) | 62.1 (6.2) | .006 |
| WMH volume, median (IQR), mL | 8.3 (3.3–19.8) | 12.1 (5.4–29.7) | .010 a |
| Presence of cortical infarcts >5 mm, no. (%) | 8 (6) | 17 (34) | <.001 |
| Presence of subcortical infarcts, no. (%) | 32 (24) | 22 (44) | .010 |
| Presence of microbleeds, no. (%) | 66 (50) | 35 (70) | .017 |
| Presence intracranial stenosis (4 missing) | 23 (18) | 15 (31) | .053 |
CMI: cerebral cortical microinfarct; CDR: clinical dementia rating scale; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; NCI: no cognitive impairment; CIND: cognitive impairment – no dementia; TIV: total intracranial volume; WMH: white matter hyperintensity. Obesity was defined as a body mass index >25.
a
WMH volume was entered into the analysis after a logarithmic transformation of the data.