Table 2.

Years since last eye examination

	<=2 years		3–5 years		> 5 years		Never had an eye examination
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	%	95% CI	N
Total	17.8	[15.0–20.9]	5.1	[4.2–6.2]	3.8	[2.9–4.8]	73.4	[69.7–76.7]	3320
Predisposing factors
Age (years)
15–29	10.2	[7.7–13.5]	2.8	[1.8–4.5]	3.0	[2.0–4.6]	83.9	[79.8–87.3]	1227
30–44	15.9	[12.5–20.1]	5.8	[4.1–8.2]	4.2	[2.7–6.4]	74.0	[69.1–78.4]	783
45–59	25.9	[21.0–31.3]	6.9	[4.9–9.6]	3.6	[2.1–6.3]	63.7	[57.5–69.4]	767
60–74	30.7	[22.4–40.5]	8.2	[5.6–11.9]	5.3	[2.9–9.3]	55.8	[46.7–64.6]	430
> =75	33.6	[21.4–48.5]	5.7	[2.6–11.9]	5.1	[2.3–11.3]	55.6	[42.4–68.0]	112
Sex
Males	19.8	[16.0–24.3]	5.4	[4.0–7.2]	4.1	[2.8–6.0]	70.6	[65.4–75.4]	1165
Females	16.5	[13.6–19.8]	4.9	[3.8–6.3]	3.5	[2.7–4.7]	75.1	[71.6–78.3]	2154
Ethnicity
African	14.0	[11.4–17.2]	3.9	[3.1–5.0]	3.3	[2.4–4.5]	78.7	[74.9–82.1]	2340
White	66.7	[48.7–80.8]	7.2	[2.9–17.0]	9.1	[4.0–19.2]	17.0	[7.8–33.1]	69
Coloured’ (mixed race)	23.8	[19.2–29.1]	11.8	[9.3–14.9]	5.0	[3.5–7.1]	59.4	[53.6–64.9]	751
Indian	45.6	[34.2–57.4]	19.7	[8.5–39.4]	6.1	[2.3–15.2]	28.7	[21.2–37.5]	159
High-risk alcohol use
Low risk (1–3 for men and 1–2 for women)	15.8	[13.2–18.8]	4.9	[3.9–6.1]	3.1	[2.4–4.1]	76.2	[72.8–79.2]	2698
High risk (> = 4 for men and > =3 for women)	26.0	[20.7–32.2]	6.0	[4.1–8.7]	6.7	[4.5–9.8]	61.4	[54.1–68.2]	621
Current smoker
No	17.3	[14.2–20.8]	4.6	[3.7–5.8]	3.5	[2.6–4.6]	74.6	[70.8–78.1]	2662
Yes	20.1	[15.5–25.7]	7.7	[5.4–10.7]	5.2	[3.2–8.3]	67.1	[61.1–72.5]	657
Enabling factors
Wealth index
Lowest (1)	8.7	[6.6–11.4]	4.1	[2.7–6.3]	2.2	[1.2–3.8]	85.0	[81.5–87.9]	793
2	9.1	[6.8–12.0]	3.3	[1.8–5.9]	3.0	[1.8–5.0]	84.7	[81.0–87.7]	756
3	13.5	[10.3–17.6]	6.4	[4.5–9.1]	5.8	[3.6–9.1]	74.3	[67.8–79.8]	771
4	27.0	[21.8–32.8]	6.0	[4.2–8.6]	3.7	[2.3–5.9]	63.3	[57.0–69.2]	604
Wealthiest (5)	46.0	[35.5–56.8]	6.9	[4.3–10.7]	4.9	[2.6–9.1]	42.2	[32.0–53.2]	395
Residence
Rural	12.1	[10.2–14.4]	4.2	[3.1–5.8]	2.5	[1.7–3.7]	81.1	[77.9–83.9]	1335
Urban	22.5	[17.8–28.0]	5.8	[4.6–7.4]	4.8	[3.5–6.5]	66.9	[60.9–72.4]	1984
Has health insurance
No	12.6	[10.9–14.6]	5.1	[4.2–6.3]	3.6	[2.7–4.7]	78.7	[75.8–81.3]	2893
Yes	47.9	[38.8–57.1]	4.9	[3.2–7.4]	4.9	[2.8–8.3]	42.4	[33.7–51.6]	426
Need factors
Hypertension
No	14.0	[11.4–17.2]	4.4	[3.4–5.7]	3.5	[2.5–4.9]	78.1	[74.5–81.3]	2126
Yes	25.6	[21.1–30.8]	6.5	[4.9–8.6]	4.4	[3.0–6.5]	63.4	[58.0–68.5]	1193
Self-reported diagnosis of Diabetes
No	16.3	[13.5–19.4]	4.9	[4.0–6.1]	3.7	[2.9–4.9]	75.1	[71.4–78.4]	3070
Yes	39.1	[30.2–48.8]	7.6	[4.7–12.0]	4.2	[1.9–8.8]	49.1	[40.0–58.2]	249
High cholesterol - self-reported
No	16.6	[14.0–19.6]	4.6	[3.8–5.6]	3.5	[2.7–4.6]	75.3	[71.8–78.4]	3170
Yes	43.3	[30.0–57.6]	15.1	[8.6–25.1]	9.8	[4.8–19.2]	31.8	[21.1–44.8]	149
Cardiovascular disease
No	17.5	[14.7–20.7]	5.0	[4.1–6.1]	3.4	[2.6–4.5]	74.0	[70.3–77.4]	3074
Yes	20.5	[13.9–29.2]	6.2	[3.6–10.5]	7.8	[4.3–13.7]	65.5	[56.6–73.3]	245
Accessed health care in the past 5 years
No	12.8	[10.3–15.8]	2.4	[1.6–3.6]	3.0	[2.1–4.3]	81.8	[78.2–84.9]	1756
Yes	23.4	[19.6–27.8]	8.1	[6.6–9.9]	4.7	[3.4–6.4]	63.8	[59.2–68.2]	1563
Clinician assessed vision loss
No	16.3	[13.3–19.8]	4.9	[4.0–6.0]	3.8	[3.0–5.0]	75.0	[71.0–78.6]	2936
Yes	30.3	[24.4–36.9]	6.8	[4.3–10.7]	3.2	[1.7–5.9]	59.7	[53.6–65.5]	383
Self-reported vision problems
No	16.2	[13.1–19.8]	4.1	[3.3–5.2]	3.8	[2.9–5.1]	75.9	[71.8–79.5]	2664
Yes	25.0	[20.8–29.8]	9.5	[6.9–13.0]	3.5	[2.2–5.5]	62.0	[56.3–67.4]	655