Table 3.

Global Tests-of-fit and differential item function for the Parental Stress and the Lack of Parental Satisfaction subscales for the total sample

Tests	PS (RM)			PS (GLLRM)a			LPS (RM)			LPS (GLLRM)b
	CLR	Df	p	CLR	df	p	CLR	Df	p	CLR	df	p
Global homogeneity	13.1	8	.11	15.4	15	.43	14.6	6	.02+++	10.3	9	.32
DIF relative to:
Child sample	106.0	8	<.0005+	16.4	11	.16	44.2	6	<.0005+++	22.7	7	<.01++++
Children age group	45.5	16	<.0005+	47.8	30	.02++	42.1	12	<.0005+++	33.7	18	.01++++
Parent	10.1	8	.26	18.8	15	.22	8.4	6	.21	11.0	9	.27
Parent education	73.6	8	<.0005+	17.5	9	.04++	17.9	6	<.01+++	18.7	9	.03++++
Parent age group	22.1	16	.14	51.9	30	<.01++	24.5	12	.02+++	28.5	18	.05

Notes. PS Parental stress, LPS Lack of parental satisfaction, RM Rasch model, GLLRM Graphical loglinear Rasch model, CLR Conditional likelihood ratio, df degrees of freedom, p p-value, DIF differential item function

Global homogeneity test compares items parameters in approximately equal-sized groups of high and low scoring parents. The critical limits for the p-values after adjusting for false discovery rate were: ⁺ 5% limit p = .0083, 1% limit p = .0017. ⁺⁺ 5% limit p = .008. ⁺⁺⁺ 5% limit unaltered, 1% limit p = .0017. ⁺⁺⁺⁺ 5% limit p = .0083, 1% limit p = .0017

^aThe GLLRM for the Parental Stress subscale assumed that some items pairs are locally dependent (items 3 and 4, and items 9 and 12), that item 9 and 13 functions differentially relative to child sample, and that item 4, 15 and 16 functions differentially relative to parent educational level

^bThe GLLRM for the Lack of Parental Stress subscale assumed that items 1 and 6, and items 1 and 17 are locally dependent and that item 1 functions differentially relative to child sample