miR-145a levels were decreased in lung pericytes in sepsis, and miR-145a regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced inflammatory response in pericytes. A, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to sham or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)–induced severe sepsis. Lung pericyte miR-145a-5p levels were determined (n = 3–6 mice per group). B, Lung pericytes were isolated from C57BL/6J mice and stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Relative miR-145a-5p expression levels were determined (n = 3). Lung pericytes transfected with miR-145a-5p mimic (40 nmol/L) or negative control (NC; 40 nmol/L) were stimulated with LPS for 24 hours. C, D, The relative expressions of miR-145a-5p (C) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) messenger RNA (mRNA) (D) were measured using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. E–H, Protein levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2, and CXCL5 in the supernatant were also determined (n = 3 independent experiments); data are expressed as means with standard errors. *P < .05 and †P < .01 (comparison with control group); ‡P < .05 (comparison with NC LPS group).