Table 2.
Number of studies and analyses that tested a relationship, by biological outcome and component of minority stress
| Total number |
Proportion of analyses that detected a relationship | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Studies | Individual analyses | ||
| Biological outcome | |||
| Overall physical health | |||
| Physical health | 4 | 14 | 0.29 |
| Pain | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Sleep | 2 | 5 | 0.4 |
| Immune response | |||
| Blood cell counts (non-HIV) | 1 | 4 | 0.5 |
| Respiratory infection | 1 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Circulating inflammatory markers (IL-6 orTNF-α) | 2 | 10 | 0.2 |
| HIV specific outcomes | |||
| HIV-related laboratory outcome | 7 | 22 | 0.41 |
| HIV/AIDS related death | 2 | 5 | 0.60 |
| HIV/AIDS related symptoms or AIDS diagnosis | 3 | 8 | 0.63 |
| HIV treatment related side effects | 1 | 2 | 0.5 |
| Cardiovascular outcomes | |||
| Change in blood pressure/heart rate | 1 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Metabolic outcomes | |||
| BMI | 3 | 13 | 0.31 |
| Hormonal outcomes | |||
| Cortisol | 6 | 31 | 0.42 |
| Norepinephrine/epinephrine | 1 | 2 | 0.0 |
| Cancer related outcomes | |||
| Cancer incidence | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Cancer treatment side effects | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Allostatic load | |||
| Allostatic load | 1 | 1 | 0.0 |
| Type of minority stress | |||
| Prejudice related stress (chronic and acute) | 13 | 35 | 0.43 |
| Expectations of rejection and Discrimination | 5 | 21 | 0.38 |
| Concealment or component of concealment/outness | 10 | 50 | 0.50 |
| Internalized stigma | 5 | 8 | 0.13 |
| General stress related to sexual orientation | 2 | 11 | 0.36 |