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. 2020 Aug 17;63:101149. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149

Table 3.

Social vulnerability for COVID-19 through different pathways acting at different time windows of the disease process.

Prevention of contagion Care of COVID-19 & comorbidities Prognosis and long-term consequences
  • 1

    Shortage and lack of adapted information
  • 1

    Unequal access to healthcare and care provision models
  • 1

    Comorbidity, multimorbidity, frailty, and unequal access to rehabilitation and monitoring
  • 2

    Overcrowded and intergenerational cohabitation
  • 2

    Shortage of hospital or intensive care unit beds, ventilators and community services
  • 2

    Mental strain due to lack of remote contact with family and friends, and economic worries
  • 2

    Jobs requiring physical contact with other people
  • 3

    Physician implicit bias based on social or ageist grounds
  • 3

    Poor food availability, lack of exercise, and lower cognitive stimulation during self-isolation
  • 2

    Hindered access to SARS-CoV-2 testing
  • 4

    Lack of suitability of telemedicine
  • 4

    Discontinuation of social care and community support