Figure 6.

The schematic diagram of structure of the human-infecting coronavirus genomes. Each bar represents the genomic organization of each coronavirus. The genomic regions or open-reading frames (ORFs) are compared. The structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, as well as non-structural proteins translated from ORF 1a and ORF 1b and accessory proteins are indicated. The tags indicate the name of the ORFs. 5′UTR = 5′ untranslated region, 3′UTR = 3′ untranslated region, An = poly(A) tail (Masters, 2006; Chen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).