Table 4.
Measurement model assessment of online whistleblowing intention
| Indicator/Item | Code | PCA | Mean | SD | FL | AVE | α | ρA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (F) Online Whistleblowing (OWB) | 0.696 | 0.854 | 0.862 | |||||
| Reporting through social media channels of related authorities (e.g., Facebook, Twitter etc.) | OWB1 | 0.850 | 5.319 | 1.190 | 0.852 | |||
| Using online publishing organizations to make information known to the relevant authorities (e.g., WikiLeaks) | OWB2 | 0.845 | 4.647 | 1.230 | 0.841 | |||
| Reporting through online platforms provided by the related authorities (e.g., E-mail, Online Application, etc.) | OWB3 | 0.871 | 4.874 | 1.298 | 0.878 | |||
| Using personal online media sites (e.g., blogs, websites or YouTube) to disclose information to the relevant authorities | OWB4 | 0.767 | 4.928 | 1.142 | 0.762 |
PCA principal component analysis, FL factor loading, SD standard deviation, AVE average variance extracted, α cronbach’s Alpha, ρA Dijkstra–Henseler’s rho_A