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[Preprint]. 2020 Aug 14:rs.3.rs-51545. [Version 1] doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-51545/v1

Figure 1.

Figure 1

SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a rapid and transient shift in innate immune responses and increases the number CD4 T follicular helper cells in peripheral blood. (A) Rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 were infused with COVID-19 convalescent plasma (I+CP), or normal plasma (I+NP) or did not receive plasma (infected). (B) Mean viral RNA (+range) in nasal washes (C) Gating strategy for innate immune subsets in blood. (D) Kinetics of innate immune responses (*p< 0.05, **p< 0.01 relative to Day 0) (E) Serum chemokines MCP-1, IP-10, and I-TAC (*p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001 relative to Day 0). (F) Correlation of innate immune cells against chemokines, and IL-10 vs IL-6. (G) Gating strategy to capture Ki-67+ PD-1+ CD4 T cells in blood. (H) Kinetics show frequency and absolute counts of Ki-67+ PD-1+ CD4 Tfh cells (*p< 0.05, **p< 0.01 relative to Day 0) (I) correlation plots of Ki-67+CD8 T cells against Ki-67+ CD4 subsets, and vRNA (all day 7) (J) tSNE plot of CD4 Ki-67+ events at Day 7 from infected (16,197 events) and infected + infused animals (22,406 events); dot plot shows frequency of Ki-67+ CD4 T cell subsets. (K-L) Histograms and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) dot plots illustrate relative expression of SLAM, CX3CR1, CD28, and CCR7 within four different populations identified at Day 7. Unique symbols identify animals in each of the experimental groups.